Abstract: To measure and regulate temperature, a temperature measuring resistor and a control element are accommodated in one layer as metallization on a substrate. The printed or otherwise manufactured conductors of the temperature measuring resistor and of the control element are arranged in close proximity to one another.

Abstract: To measure and regulate temperature, a temperature measuring resistor (3) and a control element (2) are accommodated in one layer as metallization on a substrate (1). The printed conductors of the temperature measuring resistor (3) and of the control element (2) are arranged in close proximity to one another.

Abstract: Mounting method for a miser laser having a miser crystal on the base surface of a housing, which has a side wall with a housing window for the miser exit beam, is provided. A reference beam is directed through the housing window on to the crystal end face of the miser crystal with an inverted light beam direction which the miser beam to be generated is later to have. An adjusting device which permits mutually independent movements, on the one hand in a direction parallel to the reference beam, and on the other hand perpendicular thereto and parallel to the housing base, and also permits rotations about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the housing base, is used to preadjust the premounted miser stack such that the angle between the surface normal of the crystal end face and the reference beam is approximately 45°, and the reference beam strikes the crystal end face approximately at its center.

Abstract: The arrangement focuses a combined laser beam (33) composed of individual laser beams produced by laser diodes (2) on a common spot. Prismatic reflecting bodies (7,8) are arranged in depressions (11,12) provided in a common substrate (1) between parallel rows (R1,R2; R3,R4) of the laser diodes (2). Each reflecting body (7,8) has oppositely inclined reflecting surfaces arranged on opposite sides thereof for deflection of the individual laser beams from the two adjacent rows of laser diodes. Two cylindrical lenses (9) are arranged on opposite sides of each reflecting body (7,8) between the laser diodes and the reflective surfaces to convert elliptical remote fields of the laser beams into circularly symmetric remote fields. Laterally movable focusing lenses (14) for each individual laser beam are arranged on the reflecting bodies (7,8) between the common spot and the reflecting surfaces for individual adjustment of the laser beams, whereby the combined laser beam (33) is focussed on the common spot.