Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the label-free quantitative spectroscopic determination of the binding kinetics of an analyte. Essential components of the device, namely a light source (2), optical elements (5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 13; 13?) for beam guidance and for optically influencing the light of the light source (2) and light modes emitted by a microsensor (functionalized spherical microparticle) retained in a microstructure (3) as a result of the exposure to the light of the light source (2), a spectrometer, which consists of an optical receiver (10) for the emitted light modes and an evaluation unit, actuators (14; 15) for positioning a carrier (4) with the microstructure (3) arranged thereon, and at least one control unit, are jointly arranged in an apparatus (1) having an apparatus housing (11).

Abstract: The invention relates to a smokeless cigarette, cigar, or pipe having at least one depot (10) for storing and for defined release due to external heat input of nicotine and/or compound comprising nicotine to an airflow to be guided through the depot (10). According to the invention the depot (10) comprises at least one heat transfer segment (16) for targeted heat input for defined release of the nicotine and/or nicotine compound to the airflow.

Abstract: The invention relates to a depot for storing and dispensing a substance into a gas phase, having a hybrid structure made of an open-pored macroporous support skeleton, through which a gas can flow, and nanoporous particles immobilized on the support skeleton, which in the pores thereof contain at least one active ingredient to be released, wherein the support skeleton consists of particles or fibers that are permanently connected to each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a smokeless cigarette, cigar, or pipe having at least one depot (10) for storing and for defined release due to external heat input of nicotine and/or compound comprising nicotine to an airflow to be guided through the depot (10). According to the invention the depot (10) comprises at least one heat transfer segment (16) for targeted heat input for defined release of the nicotine and/or nicotine compound to the airflow.

Abstract: The invention relates to a depot for storing and dispensing a substance into a gas phase, having a hybrid structure made of an open-pored macroporous support skeleton, through which a gas can flow, and nanoporous particles immobilized on the support skeleton, which in the pores thereof contain at least one active ingredient to be released, wherein the support skeleton consists of particles or fibers that are permanently connected to each other.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for encapsulating pigment particles, which comprises (A) producing a dispersion of the pigment to be encapsulated, (B) then applying a polyelectrolyte layer to the surface of the pigment particles, (C) further applying a polyelectrolyte layer having opposite charge to (B), and/or adding low molecular weight, multivalent ions oppositely charged to (B), and (D) if appropriate repeating steps (B) and (C), said steps (B), (C) and if appropriate (D) being carried out in the presence of a nonionic surfactant.

Abstract: The invention relates to salts of the active ingredient clopidogrel with polyanions. The salts are predominantly in amorphous form, and the polyanions have at least 4 negative charges.

Abstract: The invention relates to the filling of hydrophobic or hydrophobically modified porous microparticles with hydrophobic substances with subsequent encapsulation of the resulting hydrophobic particles using layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte technology for the purpose of preparing homogeneous suspensions in water, and also for the controlled release of the encapsulated active ingredients. Through a specific modification of the LbL surface it is possible to realize preferred adhesion at the target site.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for encapsulating pigment particles, which comprises (A) producing a dispersion of the pigment to be encapsulated, (B) then applying a polyelectrolyte layer to the surface of the pigment particles, (C) further applying a polyelectrolyte layer having opposite charge to (B), and/or adding low molecular weight, multivalent ions oppositely charged to (B), and (D) if appropriate repeating steps (B) and (C), said steps (B), (C) and if appropriate (D) being carried out in the presence of a nonionic surfactant.

Abstract: Monodisperse colloids were coated with polyelectrolytes using the layer-by-layer method. The template cores can remain in the interior or be dissolved away. Various fluorescent dyes are covalently bonded, in defined quantity, to the polyelectrolytes. The quantity of dye is controlled by varying the label content or by coprecipitating unlabeled polymers. Different. dye layers are separated from each other by intermediate layers, resulting in unwanted interactions being suppressed. Conversely, a FRET signal can be generated between suitable dye pairs at short distances (0-6 nm), with it being possible to control this signal independently of the dye concentration by means of the number of intermediate layers. The capsule coding is read out by varying the excitation and emission wavelengths. Macromolecules which fish out complementary substances from solutions can be immobilized in the capsules.