Abstract: A system and method of simulating and optimizing industrial and other processes includes a computer that performs multivariate analysis of input variables and output variables to generate a data model of the operation of the process. For industrial applications, the input variables include process variables and the output variables include result variables from the operation of the industrial process. The data model determines contributions to changes in the output or result variables by the respective input or process variables and is provided to a predictive algorithm to identify parameter values for input or process variables expected to have a most significant impact on the output or result variables during performance of the process. The outputs of the predictive algorithm are parameter values that are provided as input or process variables to the industrial process for simulation or performance optimization or product recommendations/optimizations.

Abstract: A tool making joints of clinch type between two or several sheet formed members, which tool comprises two separate tool parts, a first tool-part with a punch and a second tool-part provided with a die which co-operate for producing said joint. The punch is arranged to be driven in a linear movement in the direction of the co-axial die provided with a die cavity at the bottom of which an anvil (3) is arranged. A spring element (5) having the general form of a cylindrical cage has a surface which has been provided with a number of slots to form a corresponding number of long elastic arms (11) partitioned around the circumference of the cage with their free ends at the upper edge of the cage.

Abstract: A heating apparatus including a burner and a heat exchanger wherein the burner supplies a primary fluid and exhaust gas to the heat exchanger. Secondary fluid supplied to the heat exchanger is first heated within the heat exchanger by the primary fluid and then is further heated within the heat exchanger by the exhaust gas.

Abstract: The thermal emission characteristics of a camouflage material are predetermined to match closely the known thermal emission characteristics of the natural environment in which the particular camouflage material is intended to be used. This control is accomplished by the combination of a reflecting thin metallic layer covered on at least the exposed side by a layer of plastic comprising at least two different plastic materials each having respectively different emissivity properties. The reflecting layer both minimizes the heating of the camouflage material from sources covered by the material and reflects incident heat from meteorological sources such as solar warming. The plastic layer controls and determines the radiation of heat from all parts of the exposed surface of the camouflage in order to present to surveillance equipment a thermal-picture closely simulating that of the surrounding terrain.

Abstract: The thermal emission characteristics of sheet form camouflage material is predetermined to match closely the known thermal emission characteristics of the natural environment in which the particular camouflage material is intended to be used. This control is accomplished by the combination of a reflecting thin metallic layer covered on at least the exposed side by a layer of plastic material comprising at least two different plastic materials each having different emissivity properties. The reflecting layer both minimizes the heating of the camouflage material from sources covered by the material and reflects incident heat from meteorological sources such as solar warming and the plastic layer controls and determines the radiation of heat from all parts of the exposed surface of the camouflage to present to surveillance equipment a thermal-picture closely simulating that of the surrounding terrain.