Abstract: The invention relates to a process for analysing single molecules, in particular for sequencing of single nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for analysing single molecules, in particular for sequencing of single nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: An apparatus for characterizing luminescent entities by excitation comprising: • a substrate (6) being in contact with a solution comprising luminescent entities; • a source of electromagnetic radiation (4) providing at least a primary beam of radiation (8); an objective (5); a first optical element (1) capable of transforming the intensity profile of the primary beam (8) into an arbitrary secondary intensity profile (distribution) (9); a second optical element (2) capable of separating (discriminating) radiation by wavelength; and a detector (7), where the arbitrary secondary intensity profile has at least an off-center circular continuous intensity distribution (33) focused on the back focal plane (12) of the objective forming a collimated beam (10) capable of creating an evanescent field on the side of the substrate where the solution comprising luminescent entities are located, where the evanescent field excites the luminescent entities thereby creating emission radiation separated by the second optical e

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for analysing single molecules, in particular for sequencing of single nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for analysing single molecules, in particular for sequencing of single nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: An apparatus for characterizing luminescent entities by excitation comprising: •a substrate (6) being in contact with a solution comprising luminescent entities; •a source of electromagnetic radiation (4) providing at least a primary beam of radiation (8); an objective (5); a first optical element (1) capable of transforming the intensity profile of the primary beam (8) into an arbitrary secondary intensity profile (distribution) (9); a second optical element (2) capable of separating (discriminating) radiation by wavelength; and a detector (7), where the arbitrary secondary intensity profile has at least an off-center circular continuous intensity distribution (33) focused on the back focal plane (12) of the objective forming a collimated beam (10) capable of creating an evanescent field on the side of the substrate where the solution comprising luminescent entities are located, where the evanescent field excites the luminescent entities thereby creating emission radiation separated by the second optical ele

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for analysing single molecules, in particular for sequencing of single nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to radio communication in a mobile station operating on cellular frequency bands, and/or on a frequency band separated from cellular frequency bands, for transmitting and receiving calls outside a cellular network through direct communication between cellular mobile stations. It also relates to a method in a cellular telephony system comprising at least two mobile stations communicating.

Abstract: In a method for the fluorescence spectroscopic, in particular fluorescence correlation spectroscopic study of a measurement sample, the latter is introduced into a sample holding chamber (12) formed hollowed in a sample support (10). Electrically charged analytes contained in the measurement sample are then concentrated in a measurement volume (26) lying inside the sample volume, whereupon the measurement volume (26) is studied. According to the invention, the boundary walls (28) of the sample holding chamber (12) are brought essentially surface-wide to an electrostatic potential having the same sign as the charge of the analytes in order to concentrate the analytes in the measurement volume (26). An electrical molecule trap formed in this way can be produced very straightforwardly and is suitable in particular for screening studies of measurement samples, a large multiplicity of which are arranged close together in indentations (12) of the sample support (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to radio communication in a mobile station operating on cellular frequency bands, and/or on a frequency band separated from cellular frequency bands, for transmitting and receiving calls outside a cellular network through direct communication between cellular mobile stations. It also relates to a method in a cellular telephony system comprising at least two mobile stations communicating.

Abstract: In a method for the fluorescence spectroscopic, in particular fluorescence correlation spectroscopic study of a measurement sample, the latter is introduced into a sample holding chamber (12) formed hollowed in a sample support (10). Electrically charged analytes contained in the measurement sample are then concentrated in a measurement volume (26) lying inside the sample volume, whereupon the measurement volume (26) is studied. According to the invention, the boundary walls (28) of the sample holding chamber (12) are brought essentially surface-wide to an electrostatic potential having the same sign as the charge of the analytes in order to concentrate the analytes in the measurement volume (26). An electrical molecule trap formed in this way can be produced very straightforwardly and is suitable in particular for screening studies of measurement samples, a large multiplicity of which are arranged close together in indentations (12) of the sample support (10).

Abstract: A microscope arrangement for fluorescence spectroscopy, especially fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, is proposed having at least two beam paths (38, 40, 50) that can be focused in each case onto a measuring volume, situated in a common measuring area of the microscope array, of a sample (12) to be investigated. At least one (50) of the beam paths (38, 40, 50) is an illuminating beam path that leads from a light source (44) to the measuring area. At least one further (38, 40) of the beam paths (38, 40, 50) is, moreover, an observing beam path that leads from the measuring area to a photodetector (26, 36) providing a fluorescence detection signal. The microscope arrangement has at least one optical element (18, 20, 22, 28, 30, 48) that is arranged in one of the beam paths (38, 40, 50) and can be adjusted for the purpose of setting the focus of this beam path (38, 40, 50).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining a nucleotide polymorphism, particularly a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a nucleic acid target.

Abstract: Methods are described methods functioning at the single-molecule level for characterizing nucleotide polymorphisms.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method to distinguish between memory-driven and non-memory driven processes by the use of higher order correlation functions. In particular, it concerns means to investigate memory driven processes in enzymatic catalysis, and especially in single molecule sequencing reactions.