Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, equipment for making holes by cutting in walls etc. is disclosed in case of fire in spaces in buildings etc. for fire fighting. The equipment includes a vehicle-mounted pressure source for pressurised extinguishing liquid, a lance carried by the operator with his hands and provided with an extinguishing nozzle, and a tubing between the pressure source and the extinguishing nozzle for supplying the extinguishing liquid. The extinguishing liquid flows as a jet out of the extinguishing nozzle and towards the wall etc. to cut the wall for making the hole and, when cutting through, be injected into the space on fire and extinguish the fire. The equipment also includes a vessel carried by the operator on his back and containing an additive, the vessel being connected to the extinguishing nozzle for regulated supply of the additive to the extinguishing liquid for improving the cutting and/or extinguishing effect.

Abstract: A tool and a method for cutting holes in a container wall such as in a tank, a cistern, a pipeline, a vehicle, a ship, a production like or the like that contains inflammable, explosive, or other hazardous gasses, and liquids. The tool includes means for pressurising a cutting medium and discharging said medium via a nozzle. The nozzle is arranged in an enclosing cover including a scalable safety outlet for evacuation of the container contents. The cover has means of sealed-off abutment against the container wall concerned in the area in which hole cutting is to be performed. The nozzle is arranged to be directed towards the container wall in such a way that in use the cutting medium is discharged in the form of a jet impinging against the container wall with sufficient force to cut through said wall.

Abstract: A tool (1) and a method for cutting holes in a container wall (21) such as in a tank, a cistern, a pipeline, a vehicle, a ship, a production line or the like that contains inflammable, explosive, or other hazardous gases and liquids. The tool (1) comprises means (24) for pressurising a cutting medium and discharging said medium via a nozzle (2). The nozzle (2) is arranged in an enclosing cover (5) comprising a scalable safety outlet (10) for evacuation of the container contents. The cover has means (7) for sealed-off abutment against the container wall (21) concerned in the area in which hole cutting is to be performed. The nozzle (2) is arranged to be directed towards the container wall (21) in such a way that in use the cutting medium is discharged in the form of a jet impinging against the container wall (21) with sufficient force to cut through said wall.

Abstract: In accordance with a method for making at least one hole in roofs (1), walls, etcetera, in case of fire (2) in buildings or the like the hole or holes are produced by cutting, using a pressurised liquid (3) which while cutting is sprayed into the space (4) on fire in the shape of a jet (5) which rapidly evaporates and in doing so contributes to extinguishing the fire (2), the combustion gases (6) being vented through the cut hole or holes (25). In equipment (7) designed for the implementation of the method there is provided a source of pressurised medium (8) having an outlet for a pressurised liquid (3), a conduit (10), and a nozzle (11) having an inlet (12) and outlet (13).

Abstract: In a digital time-shared transmission system, a receiver receives a signal whose symbol rate is lower than the channel bandwidth of the system. A correlating and sampling circuit receives a baseband signal, samples the signal a number of times with each symbol time, performs channel correlation, generates a channel estimate and samples down the once sampled signal to an observed signal with two values for each symbol time. A channel equalizer executes a fractional viterbi algorithm which utilizes two delta-metric values for each state transition and generates estimated symbols. A channel estimating filter receives a symbol sequence of alternating zero-value symbols and the estimated symbols and generates an estimated signal. The channel estimating filter is adapted with the aid of an error signal and the filter delivers a channel estimate to the channel equalizer.

Abstract: Radio signals are transmitted over a fading radio channel and are filtered and sampled in a receiver to obtain a digital signal. A channel equalizer has an equalizing filter in which a channel estimate is formed with the aid of a known synchronizing sequence. A Viterbi analyzer decides symbols with the aid of the channel estimate. An estimated time derivative of the channel estimate is formed and adapted with the aid of the decided symbols. The channel estimate is adapted to the radio channel by the derivative estimate and the decided symbols. In the event of fading with rapidly varying signal strength, the channel estimate is adapted slowly and is predicted mainly through the derivative estimate which varies relatively evenly. The digital signal is stored in a memory and an initial value is formed for the derivative estimate as a difference between two known channel estimates divided by a time difference therebetween.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing a baseband demodulator in a radio receiver, which may be stationary or mobile. The demodulator is a phase-shift demodulator and detects a baseband signal incoming from a sampling A/D-converter in the receiver. The baseband signal is transmitted from a radio transmitter in the form of bursts, in time slots in accordance with the TDMA-principle. One time slot, in addition to the data word, also includes in a known manner a synchronization part which has a given, fixed bit pattern. Prior to demodulation in the baseband demodulator, differential correlation of the received baseband signal is effected with the known synchronization pattern, wherein a time-dependent correlation function is obtained. The absolute magnitude of the maximum value is calculated and the corresponding time position for this maximum value is detected, which denotes the time position of the synchronization part of the received baseband signal.

Abstract: Symbol sequences having synchronization sequences are transmitted over a radio channel. Received signals are sampled in signal sampling time points (n) and by correlation a channel response (C.sup.2) is obtained. The impulse response is sampled (T.sub.s) over a period (M.times.N) corresponding to time dispersion of the channel. For separate samples with separate start points (n), channel estimates are obtained (n=0, 2, 4, 6, N=1, 3, 5, 7. . .) whose energy values are calculated, and the estimate (n=8, 10, 12, 14) with the largest energy is selected. The first time point (n=8) in this estimate is selected as sampling time point for the symbol sequence. Alternatively, the signal sampling time point (n=9) with maximum energy value (C.sup.2 max) is selected. By comparing the energy values either one of these signal sampling time points (n=8 , n=9) can be selected as the sampling time point for the symbol sequence. For consecutive sequences, an average value for the sampling time points is calculated.

Abstract: Symbols in a symbol sequence transmitted via a fading channel are estimated in an equalizer having a channel estimating filter. An error signal influences an adaptation circuit which controls adjustable coefficients so as to form a channel estimate, which is adapted during the whole of the symbol sequence. The adaptation circuit performs an adaptation algorithm, which is influenced by mean energy values obtained from the channel estimate in a mean-value-forming circuit. Subsequent to fading the adaptation algorithm is able to control the coefficients so that one of the coefficients will erroneously dominate the channel estimate, with erroneous estimation of symbols as a result. This is counteracted by selecting the largest of the mean energy values, this largest value influencing the adaptation algorithm.

Abstract: A breech bolt firearm in which the bolt is mounted turnably but axially immovable in a guide sleeve is improved by placing a projection on part of the bolt which when aligned with a longitudinal recess provided on the sleeve allows dismantling of the breech bolt mechanism. Also a safety is provided which latches both the firing pin nut and the bolt handle.

Abstract: Apparatus for moulding an article (11) of thermoplastic material from a parison (10) in which certain parts (17,16) of the parison are re-formed while other parts (13,12,20) retain their shape. A difference in pressure is applied to the wall of the parison during the re-forming process. Material in the parison is also moved in the direction of those parts of the parison which are to be re-formed, whereby attenuation of the material may be avoided entirely, if so desired, also in those parts which are to be re-formed. The invention enables the parison for a bottle to be re-formed to an extent which is small by comparison with the thickness of the material, for example the so-called "neck support" ring and the so-called "pilfer proof" ring, starting with a tube of oriented material. In a device for the application of the invention the elements (22,21,25) are in contact with the parts (13,12,20) of the parison.

Abstract: An article of thermoplastic material adapted for being molded into a container comprising a tubular neck portion including annular protuberances of hollow ring-shaped profile, and a tubular shoulder portion continuing from the neck portion. The material of the wall of the neck portion is substantially monoaxially oriented and the annular protuberances are circumferentially expanded from the wall without axial strain of the monoaxially oriented material of the wall whereby the material in the neck portion is of substantially uniform thickness and monoaxially oriented therethroughout including the annular protuberances.

Abstract: An article (11) of thermoplastic material is moulded from a parison (10) in which certain parts (17,16) of the parison are re-formed while other parts (13,12,20) retain their shape. A difference in pressure is applied to the wall of the parison during the re-forming process. Material in the parison is also moved in the direction of those parts of the parison which are to be re-formed, whereby attenuation of the material may be avoided entirely, if so desired, also in those parts which are to be re-formed. The invention enables the parison for a bottle to be re-formed to an extent which is small by comparison with the thickness of the material, for example the so-called "neck support" ring and the so-called "pilfer proof" ring, starting with a tube of oriented material. In a device for the application of the invention the elements (22,21,25) are in contact with the parts (13,12,20) of the parison.