Abstract: There is presented an electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element (126), a second solid element (128) being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, a working electrode (104) in the chamber (110), a reference electrode (108), and wherein one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the chamber (110) with the associated volume (106), and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, wherein the one or more analyte permeable openings are placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element.

Abstract: There is presented an electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element and a second solid element being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, said chamber comprising a reaction region (130), and a reservoir region (132) being connected with the reaction region, wherein an one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the reaction region (130) with the associated volume (106), and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, a working electrode (104) a reference electrode (108), and a guard electrode (109) arranged so as to enable reduction or oxidation of at least some reactants from at least a part of the reservoir region.

Abstract: There is presented an electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element (126), a second solid element (128) being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, a working electrode (104) in the chamber (110), a reference electrode (108), and wherein one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the chamber (110) with the associated volume (106), and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, wherein the one or more analyte permeable openings are placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element.

Abstract: A electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element (126), a second solid element (128) being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, a working electrode (104) in the chamber (110) and wherein one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the chamber with the associated volume (106) and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, and wherein the one or more analyte permeable openings are arranged so that a distance from any point in at least one cross-sectional plane to the nearest point of a wall of said opening is 25 micrometer or less.

Abstract: There is presented an electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element (126), a second solid element (128) being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, a working electrode (104) in the chamber (110), a reference electrode (108), and wherein one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the chamber (110) with the associated volume (106), and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, wherein the one or more analyte permeable openings are placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element.

Abstract: There is presented an electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element (126), a second solid element (128) being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, a working electrode (104) in the chamber (110), a reference electrode (108), and wherein one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the chamber (110) with the associated volume (106), and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, wherein the one or more analyte permeable openings are placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element.

Abstract: There is presented an electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element and a second solid element being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, said chamber comprising a reaction region (130), and a reservoir region (132) being connected with the reaction region, wherein an one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the reaction region (130) with the associated volume (106), and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, a working electrode (104) a reference electrode (108), and a guard electrode (109) arranged so as to enable reduction or oxidation of at least some reactants from at least a part of the reservoir region.

Abstract: A electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing an analyte in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a first solid element (126), a second solid element (128) being joined to the first solid element, a chamber (110) being placed at least partially between the first solid element and the second solid element, a working electrode (104) in the chamber (110) and wherein one or more analyte permeable openings (122) connect the chamber with the associated volume (106) and wherein the electrochemical sensor (100) further comprises an analyte permeable membrane (124) in said one or more analyte permeable openings, and wherein the one or more analyte permeable openings are arranged so that a distance from any point in at least one cross-sectional plane to the nearest point of a wall of said opening is 25 micrometer or less.

Abstract: There is presented an electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing nitrous oxide (N2O) in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a primary chamber (110), a secondary chamber (120) being placed adjacent the primary chamber (110), the secondary chamber (120) comprising electrodes for performing electrochemical measurements and furthermore an electrolyte comprising an aprotic solvent. A first membrane (114) and a secondary membrane (124) are permeable to nitrous oxide and may be arranged so as to separate the associated volume (106) from a primary volume (116) within the primary chamber (110), and the primary volume (116) from a secondary volume (126) within the secondary chamber (120), where the primary chamber (110) comprises means for hindering oxygen in passing into the secondary volume (126), and wherein the working electrode (104) comprises indium (In).

Abstract: There is presented an electrochemical sensor (100) for sensing nitrous oxide (N2O) in an associated volume (106), the sensor comprising a primary chamber (110), a secondary chamber (120) being placed adjacent the primary chamber (110), the secondary chamber (120) comprising electrodes for performing electrochemical measurements and furthermore an electrolyte comprising an aprotic solvent. A first membrane (114) and a secondary membrane (124) are permeable to nitrous oxide and may be arranged so as to separate the associated volume (106) from a primary volume (116) within the primary chamber (110), and the primary volume (116) from a secondary volume (126) within the secondary chamber (120), where the primary chamber (110) comprises means for hindering oxygen in passing into the secondary volume (126), and wherein the working electrode (104) comprises indium (In).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a sensor for measurement of tissue perfusion. The sensor is provided with a reservoir (4) for a fluid or gaseous tracer and a tracer-permeable barrier (3), a sub-surface of which is in contact with the surrounding tissue and another sub-surface of which is in contact with a detection cavity (5) which is connected to a suitable apparatus for the measurement of tracer concentration in the detection cavity. The concentration of the tracer in the detection cavity is a measure of perfusion in the surrounding tissue. According to another embodiment of the invention it is also possible to carry out measurements of perfusion in the surface layers of the skin or of an organ.

Abstract: The inventive microsensor and method for regulating the sensitivity primarily aims at measuring the nitrate concentration in a surrounding medium by use of a concept named “Migrational Sensitivity Control” (MSC). The sensitivity of the sensor is regulated by impressing an electrical potential difference or an electrical current between a surrounding medium, e.g. waste water, containing a primary substance to be measured, and a substance chamber inside the microsensor. The microsensor contains bacteria which metabolizes the primary substance into a secondary substance, the concentration of which is proportional to the conentration of the primary substance to be measured. By measuring the concentration of the secondary substance the concentration of the first substance can be found. By varying the impressed voltage or current, the sensitivity of the microsensor can be controlled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microsensor for the measurement of the presence and the concentration of a primary medium, for example nitrate, in an environment where the microsensor is placed. The microsensor has a casing which surrounds a transducer and a reservoir containing nutrients. The transducer has a tip placed at a distance from the opening of the casing. Between the transducer tip and the opening is a reaction chamber with bacteria. The bacteria metabolises the primary medium (nitrate) into a secondary medium (nitrous oxide) which is detected by the transducer. The casing has a passage that stretches to the reservoir behind the transducer tip. Through the passage nutrients are fed to the bacteria whereby their activity can be maintained.