Abstract: A voltage comparator for comparing a reference voltage with a threshold, includes a first voltage-to-current converter to convert a reference voltage that determines the threshold into a reference current that depends on the reference voltage, a second voltage-to-current converter to convert the comparison voltage into a comparison current that depends on the comparison voltage, and an output stage to output a digital output level, wherein the digital output level depends on the reference current and the comparison current.

Abstract: An integrated circuit having a first connection, a second connection, a substrate, and a control connection, in provided. The control connection controls a conductivity of the integrated circuit between the first connection and the second connection.

Abstract: At least one or more terminals of an integrated circuit, such as a low- or high-side driver stage, are protected against transient or over-voltages by two pairs of diodes. A first pair of diodes includes a regular diode (D1 or D1?) and a Zener-diode (ZD1 or ZD1?). A second pair of diodes also includes a regular diode (D2 or D3) and a Zener-diode (ZD2 or ZD3). These diode pairs are looped into the respective circuit and cooperate with an n-channel MOSFET or a p-channel MOSFET to provide the required over-voltage protection, particularly for transmitter/receiver circuits and databus systems especially in motor vehicles.

Abstract: A circuit for current measurement and current monitoring in a motor vehicle is provided, with a measuring circuit with a first subtractor circuit, connected to a measuring resistor; an offset circuit, which is connected to the first subtractor circuit in such a way that a first output voltage of the first subtractor circuit is increased by an offset voltage; a second subtractor circuit, which is connected to the offset circuit and the first subtractor circuit in such a way that a second output voltage of the second subtractor circuit is substantially independent of the offset voltage, and a comparator circuit with at least one switching threshold, which is connected to the second subtractor circuit for comparison of the second output voltage with the at least one switching threshold.

Abstract: A voltage comparator for comparing a reference voltage with a threshold, includes a first voltage-to-current converter to convert a reference voltage that determines the threshold into a reference current that depends on the reference voltage, a second voltage-to-current converter to convert the comparison voltage into a comparison current that depends on the comparison voltage, and an output stage to output a digital output level, wherein the digital output level depends on the reference current and the comparison current.

Abstract: An integrated circuit having a first connection, a second connection, a substrate, and a control connection, in provided. The control connection controls a conductivity of the integrated circuit between the first connection and the second connection.

Abstract: A circuit for current measurement and current monitoring in a motor vehicle is provided, with a measuring circuit with a first subtractor circuit, connected to a measuring resistor; an offset circuit, which is connected to the first subtractor circuit in such a way that a first output voltage of the first subtractor circuit is increased by an offset voltage; a second subtractor circuit, which is connected to the offset circuit and the first subtractor circuit in such a way that a second output voltage of the second subtractor circuit is substantially independent of the offset voltage, and a comparator circuit with at least one switching threshold, which is connected to the second subtractor circuit for comparison of the second output voltage with the at least one switching threshold.

Abstract: At least one or more terminals of an integrated circuit, such as a low- or high-side driver stage, are protected against transient or over-voltages by two pairs of diodes. A first pair of diodes includes a regular diode (D1 or D1?) and a Zener-diode (ZD1 or ZD1?). A second pair of diodes also includes a regular diode (D2 or D3) and a Zener-diode (ZD2 or ZD3). These diode pairs are looped into the respective circuit and cooperate with an n-channel MOSFET or a p-channel MOSFET to provide the required over-voltage protection, particularly for transmitter/receiver circuits and databus systems especially in motor vehicles.