Abstract: A method for detecting a fault injection is described. The method includes providing a secondary code, the secondary code including a predetermined function with a known expected result when the secondary code is executed with a known tested input. A primary code is executed in the data processing system. The primary code may be a portion of code that requires protection from a fault injection attack, such as for example, security sensitive code. The secondary code is executed in parallel with the primary code execution in the data processing system to produce an output. The output is compared with the known expected result to detect the fault injection attack of the data processing system. In one embodiment, the secondary code is not related to the primary code.

Abstract: A method for detecting a fault injection is described. The method includes providing a secondary code, the secondary code including a predetermined function with a known expected result when the secondary code is executed with a known tested input. A primary code is executed in the data processing system. The primary code may be a portion of code that requires protection from a fault injection attack, such as for example, security sensitive code. The secondary code is executed in parallel with the primary code execution in the data processing system to produce an output. The output is compared with the known expected result to detect the fault injection attack of the data processing system. In one embodiment, the secondary code is not related to the primary code.

Abstract: An example cooling system for an electric includes an electric motor having a supply opening for receiving coolant and a discharge opening for expelling coolant. The discharge opening is connected to the supply opening via a coolant circuit including a first return line in which a heat exchanger is arranged, a bypass line, and a second return line. The discharge opening is connected to the supply opening by both the first return line and the bypass line, and the bypass line bypasses the heat exchanger arranged in the first return line. A battery is arranged in the second return line, and the second return line is selectively connected to a short-circuit line which causes coolant to flow from a point downstream of the battery and return to the second return line upstream of the battery. Further, a heat accumulator is arranged in the short-circuit line.

Abstract: A exhaust-gas heat management system includes a catalytic converter in the exhaust-gas train of an internal-combustion engine, a cover enclosing the catalytic converter, and thereby realizing a cavity for holding a latent-heat storage PCM, at least two fluid connections between the cavity and the collecting vessel, and a pump device for activating and deactivating a PCM circuit between the cavity and the collecting vessel by means of the fluid connections. A method comprises determining an operating state of the internal combustion engine, determining the catalytic converter temperature, determining the PCM temperature, activating the PCM circuit if the PCM temperature is above a phase transition temperature of the PCM, and the internal combustion engine is in a switched-on operating state or the internal combustion engine is in a switched-off operating state and the catalytic converter temperature is below a light-off temperature of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: An example cooling system for an electric includes an electric motor having a supply opening for receiving coolant and a discharge opening for expelling coolant. The discharge opening is connected to the supply opening via a coolant circuit including a first return line in which a heat exchanger is arranged, a bypass line, and a second return line. The discharge opening is connected to the supply opening by both the first return line and the bypass line, and the bypass line bypasses the heat exchanger arranged in the first return line. A battery is arranged in the second return line, and the second return line is selectively connected to a short-circuit line which causes coolant to flow from a point downstream of the battery and return to the second return line upstream of the battery. Further, a heat accumulator is arranged in the short-circuit line.

Abstract: A exhaust-gas heat management system includes a catalytic converter in the exhaust-gas train of an internal-combustion engine, a cover enclosing the catalytic converter, and thereby realizing a cavity for holding a latent-heat storage PCM, at least two fluid connections between the cavity and the collecting vessel, and a pump device for activating and deactivating a PCM circuit between the cavity and the collecting vessel by means of the fluid connections. A method comprises determining an operating state of the internal combustion engine, determining the catalytic converter temperature, determining the PCM temperature, activating the PCM circuit if the PCM temperature is above a phase transition temperature of the PCM, and the internal combustion engine is in a switched-on operating state or the internal combustion engine is in a switched-off operating state and the catalytic converter temperature is below a light-off temperature of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A fuel cell system (1) comprises at least one fuel cell (2) and at least one gas generation system (6) in which at least one component requires air during operation. A compression device (11) is provided to supply the oxygen-containing gas, for example air, to the cathode chamber (4) of the fuel cell. At least one branch line (13) also supplies oxygen-containing gas to the gas generation system component(s) that requires air during operation thereof. Exhaust gases from the fuel cell cathode chamber anode chamber are combined downstream of the fuel cell.

Abstract: In a method of operating a fuel cell with fuel circulation, the recirculated moist fuel exhaust stream serves to humidify the fuel inlet stream. The fuel stoichiometry and operating temperatures may be adjusted or selected to control the humidity of the fuel inlet stream.

Abstract: A fuel cell system and method of operation in which the fuel cell system has a fuel cell unit with anode and cathode, a media flow path for supplying substantially pure hydrogen to the anode, a media flow path for the cathode, an anode exhaust-gas flow path and a cathode exhaust-gas flow path. A fan for supplying air to the cathode is provided in the flow path of the cathode, and a catalytic burner is arranged in the cathode exhaust-gas flow path. The anode exhaust-gas flow path opens into the catalytic burner and/or into the cathode exhaust-gas flow path upstream of the catalytic burner. The combined, catalytically converted fuel cell exhaust-gas flow is passed into an expansion machine.

Abstract: A fuel cell system and method of operation in which the fuel cell system has a fuel cell unit with anode and cathode, a media flow path for supplying substantially pure hydrogen to the anode, a media flow path for the cathode, an anode exhaust-gas flow path and a cathode exhaust-gas flow path. A fan for supplying air to the cathode is provided in the flow path of the cathode, and a catalytic burner is arranged in the cathode exhaust-gas flow path. The anode exhaust-gas flow path opens into the catalytic burner and/or into the cathode exhaust-gas flow path upstream of the catalytic burner. The combined, catalytically converted fuel cell exhaust-gas flow is passed into an expansion machine.

Abstract: A fuel cell system (1) comprises at least one fuel cell (2) and at least one gas generation system (6) in which at least one component requires air during operation. A compression device (11) is provided to supply the oxygen-containing gas, for example air, to the cathode chamber (4) of the fuel cell. At least one branch line (13) also supplies oxygen-containing gas to the gas generation system component(s) that requires air during operation thereof. Exhaust gases from the fuel cell cathode chamber anode chamber are combined downstream of the fuel cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel cell system having a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit for enriching a reactant stream supplied to the fuel cell, and particularly for enriching an oxidant stream supplied to the fuel cell. The reactant stream flow is compressed in two stages, with one compressor arranged upstream and another compressor arranged downstream of the PSA unit. Further, for improved efficiency, a portion of the compressed reactant from the first stage may bypass the PSA and be combined with enriched reactant upstream of the second compression stage. A third compressor may be used for desorbing the PSA unit under vacuum. An energy recovery device may be employed in the oxidant exhaust line to recover energy in the oxidant exhaust, and the compressors and turbine may be arranged on a common shaft.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes (1) a heat exchanger for preheating a fuel/water mixture; (2) an evaporator unit for generating a starting-material gas flow from the preheated fuel/water mixture; (3) a gas generation unit for producing a hydrogen-rich gas containing carbon monoxide from the starting-material gas flow; (4) a gas cleaning unit for selective removal of carbon monoxide from the hydrogen-rich gas; (5) a cooling unit for the gas cleaning unit; and (6) at least one fuel cell comprising an anode chamber through which cleaned, hydrogen-rich gas flows, a cathode chamber through which an oxygen-containing medium flows, and a cooling space through which a coolant flows. The heat exchanger, through which the cleaned, hydrogen-rich gas flows, is arranged downstream of the gas cleaning unit. Alternatively, the heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the cooling space and through which the coolant flows.

Abstract: In a fuel cell system having a gas generation system for providing hydrogen from a carbon- and hydrogen-containing medium for a fuel cell unit, means are provided for adjusting pressure in the gas generation system and/or mass flow through the fuel cell unit, upstream of the fuel cell unit. In a transition from a part-load range to a full-load range, the pressure can be at least briefly reduced, and in a transition from a full-load range to a part-load range, the pressure can be at least briefly increased.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for supplying an oxidant stream, in particular air, to a cathode of a fuel cell, include an oxidant supply device and a return line to recirculate part of the oxidant discharged from the cathode into the oxidant supplied to the cathode. A throttle device is located in the return line, which is connected upstream of the oxidant supply device.

Abstract: A fuel cell arrangement has at least one fuel cell with an anode and a cathode. A compressor arranged in the admission flow path of the cathode supplies air to the cathode, and a reforming unit with a reformer and a thermally coupled heating chamber is arranged in the admission flow path of the anode supplies the anode with a hydrogen-rich medium. A catalytic burner arranged in the cathode off-gas flow path between cathode and an expansion machine is coupled to drive the compressor. The heating chamber of the reforming unit or of an evaporator unit arranged in the admission flow path of the anode is arranged in the cathode off-gas flow path; and the expansion machine is arranged in the cathode off-gas flow path between catalytic burner and the heating chamber.

Abstract: A fuel cell section system has a media-cooled fuel cell with an anode space and a cathode space. A common delivery device is provided for introducing cooling medium into both the fuel cell and a condenser for condensation of water from outgoing cathode air.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes (1) a heat exchanger for preheating a fuel/water mixture; (2) an evaporator unit for generating a starting-material gas flow from the preheated fuel/water mixture; (3) a gas generation unit for producing a hydrogen-rich gas containing carbon monoxide from the starting-material gas flow; (4) a gas cleaning unit for selective removal of carbon monoxide from the hydrogen-rich gas; (5) a cooling unit for the gas cleaning unit; and (6) at least one fuel cell comprising an anode chamber through which cleaned, hydrogen-rich gas flows, a cathode chamber through which an oxygen-containing medium flows, and a cooling space through which a coolant flows. The heat exchanger, through which the cleaned, hydrogen-rich gas flows, is arranged downstream of the gas cleaning unit. Alternatively, the heat exchanger is arranged downstream of the cooling space and through which the coolant flows.

Abstract: A fuel cell system has a fuel cell unit with at least one fuel cell and a gas generation system for generating a hydrogen-rich medium which is supplied to the fuel cell unit. In the case of a single-stage oxidation unit, a first separator for separating water out of the hydrogen-rich medium is provided upstream of the single stage, and a pressure-reducing valve is provided between the first separator and the stage. In the case of a multistage oxidation unit, a first separator for separating water out of the hydrogen-rich medium is provided upstream of the final stage of the oxidation unit, and a pressure-reducing valve is provided between the first separator and the final stage.

Abstract: A fuel cell system and method of operation in which the fuel cell system has a fuel cell unit with anode and cathode, a media flow path for supplying substantially pure hydrogen to the anode, a media flow path for the cathode, an anode exhaust-gas flow path and a cathode exhaust-gas flow path. A fan for supplying air to the cathode is provided in the flow path of the cathode, and a catalytic burner is arranged in the cathode exhaust-gas flow path. The anode exhaust-gas flow path opens into the catalytic burner and/or into the cathode exhaust-gas flow path upstream of the catalytic burner. The combined, catalytically converted fuel cell exhaust-gas flow is passed into an expansion machine.