Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a phased array antenna having an array of spaced apart antenna elements arranged on a horizontal surface and having an axis of symmetry, and a lens disposed on the phased array antenna. The lens substantially covers the antenna elements. The lens includes a substantially planar bottom surface. The bottom surface and tops of the antenna elements define a gap therebetween. For a second vertical plane orthogonal to the horizontal surface and including the axis of symmetry. the antenna assembly steers a beam in a second vertical plane having a 3 dB beam width W1 when steered along a first direction making an angle of less than 10 degrees with a normal to the horizontal surface and a 3 dB beam width W2 when steered along a second direction making an angle of greater than 40 degrees with the normal. W1 and W2 within 35% of each other.

Abstract: An optical construction includes optical stacks arranged across the construction and spaced apart from each other. Each of the optical stacks has a transmittance of at least 60% for at least one visible wavelength and includes one or more electrically conductive layers. The optical stacks are co-extensive with first and second antennas. Each of the electrically conductive layers defines a through opening aligned with at least one of the first and second antennas. For each of an s-polarized first incident signal incident on the optical construction in a first incident plane and a p-polarized second incident signal incident on the optical construction in a second incident plane orthogonal to the first incident plane, for at least one frequency in a range from 0.5 GHz to 10 GHz, and for incident angles of up to 40 degrees, the optical construction has a transmission coefficient of between 0 dB and ?10 dB.

Abstract: Impedance assembly (120) for use in a voltage divider for sensing an AC elevated voltage of at least 1 kV of a power-carrying conductor (10) distributing electrical energy in a national grid. The impedance assembly comprises a) a PCB (170); b) a high-voltage contact (80) for connection to the power-carrying conductor; c) a first plurality of impedance elements (70) on the PCB, connected to the high-voltage contact and in series with each other such as to be operable in a first voltage divider (20) for sensing the voltage of the power-carrying conductor; and d) a second plurality of impedance elements (71) on the PCB, connected to the high-voltage contact and in series with each other such as to be operable in a second voltage divider (21) for harvesting electrical energy from the power-carrying conductor.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus, system, and method are described. The data communication system comprises a transceiver disposed on an entrance port to an enclosure, such as an underground enclosure. The transceiver includes a housing, the housing mountable to the entrance port, wherein the transceiver is configured to communicate with a network outside of the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a monitoring device disposed in the underground enclosure that provides data related to a real-time condition within the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a sensor analytics unit to process the data from the monitoring device/sensor and generate a processed data signal and to communicate the processed data signal to the transceiver.

Abstract: Impedance assembly (120) for use in a voltage divider for sensing an AC elevated voltage of at least 1 kV of a power-carrying conductor (10) distributing electrical energy in a national grid. The impedance assembly comprises a) a PCB (170); b) a high-voltage contact (80) for connection to the power-carrying conductor; c) a first plurality of impedance elements (70) on the PCB, connected to the high-voltage contact and in series with each other such as to be operable in a first voltage divider (20) for sensing the voltage of the power-carrying conductor; and d) a second plurality of impedance elements (71) on the PCB, connected to the high-voltage contact and in series with each other such as to be operable in a second voltage divider (21) for harvesting electrical energy from the power-carrying conductor.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus, system, and method are described. The data communication system comprises a transceiver disposed on an entrance port to an enclosure, such as an underground enclosure. The transceiver includes a housing, the housing mountable to the entrance port, wherein the transceiver is configured to communicate with a network outside of the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a monitoring device disposed in the underground enclosure that provides data related to a real-time condition within the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a sensor analytics unit to process the data from the monitoring device/sensor and generate a processed data signal and to communicate the processed data signal to the transceiver.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus, system, and method are described. The data communication system comprises a transceiver disposed on an entrance port to an enclosure, such as an underground enclosure. The transceiver includes a housing, the housing mountable to the entrance port, wherein the transceiver is configured to communicate with a network outside of the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a monitoring device disposed in the underground enclosure that provides data related to a real-time condition within the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a sensor analytics unit to process the data from the monitoring device/sensor and generate a processed data signal and to communicate the processed data signal to the transceiver.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus, system, and method are described. The data communication system comprises a transceiver disposed on an entrance port to an enclosure, such as an underground enclosure. The transceiver includes a housing, the housing mountable to the entrance port, wherein the transceiver is configured to communicate with a network outside of the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a monitoring device disposed in the underground enclosure that provides data related to a real-time condition within the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a sensor analytics unit to process the data from the monitoring device/sensor and generate a processed data signal and to communicate the processed data signal to the transceiver.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus, system, and method are described. The data communication system comprises a transceiver disposed on an entrance port to an enclosure, such as an underground enclosure. The transceiver includes a housing, the housing mountable to the entrance port, wherein the transceiver is configured to communicate with a network outside of the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a monitoring device disposed in the underground enclosure that provides data related to a real-time condition within the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a sensor analytics unit to process the data from the monitoring device/sensor and generate a processed data signal and to communicate the processed data signal to the transceiver.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus, system, and method are described. The data communication system comprises a transceiver disposed on an entrance port to an enclosure, such as an underground enclosure. The transceiver includes a housing, the housing mountable to the entrance port, wherein the transceiver is configured to communicate with a network outside of the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a monitoring device disposed in the underground enclosure that provides data related to a real-time condition within the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a sensor analytics unit to process the data from the monitoring device/sensor and generate a processed data signal and to communicate the processed data signal to the transceiver.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus, system, and method are described. The data communication system comprises a transceiver disposed on an entrance port to an enclosure, such as an underground enclosure. The transceiver includes a housing, the housing mountable to the entrance port, wherein the transceiver is configured to communicate with a network outside of the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a monitoring device disposed in the underground enclosure that provides data related to a real-time condition within the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a sensor analytics unit to process the data from the monitoring device/sensor and generate a processed data signal and to communicate the processed data signal to the transceiver.

Abstract: A data communication apparatus, system, and method are described. The data communication system comprises a transceiver disposed on an entrance port to an enclosure, such as an underground enclosure. The transceiver includes a housing, the housing mountable to the entrance port, wherein the transceiver is configured to communicate with a network outside of the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a monitoring device disposed in the underground enclosure that provides data related to a real-time condition within the underground enclosure. The data communication system also includes a sensor analytics unit to process the data from the monitoring device/sensor and generate a processed data signal and to communicate the processed data signal to the transceiver.

Abstract: An underground data communication apparatus, system, and method are described. The data communication system includes a transceiver disposed on an entrance port to an underground vault or enclosure, where the transceiver includes a rugged housing, where at least a portion of the rugged housing extends above the surface of the entrance port. A monitoring device is disposed in the vault. The monitoring device can be a sensor that provides data related to a real-time condition within the vault. In addition, the data communication system includes a gateway unit that relays the data to the transceiver. The gateway/transceiver can take a combination of wireless and/or wired signals from the monitoring device which provides real-time data regarding environmental, component, and/or other electronic equipment conditions for those components/equipment disposed within the vault.

Abstract: Method of performing a challenge-response process, comprising, in this sequence, the steps of a) providing a first challenge-response pair (50) on a source device (10), assigned to a responding device (30); b) loading the first challenge-response pair (50) from the source device (10) to a challenging device (20), while the source device (10) is operationally connected to the challenging device (20); c) performing a challenge-response process between the challenging device (20) and the responding devices (30) to which the first challenge-response pair (50) is assigned, d) loading one or more second challenge-response pairs (50) from a source device (10) to the challenging device (20), while the source device (10) is operationally connected to the challenging device (20), wherein the step of loading the first challenge-response pair (50) from the source device (10) to a challenging device (20) is performed before the challenging device (20) has received any information from one of the responding devices (30), t

Abstract: Method of performing a challenge-response process, comprising, in this sequence, the steps of a) providing a first challenge-response pair (50) on a source device (10), assigned to a responding device (30); b) loading the first challenge-response pair (50) from the source device (10) to a challenging device (20), while the source device (10) is operationally connected to the challenging device (20); c) performing a challenge-response process between the challenging device (20) and the responding devices (30) to which the first challenge-response pair (50) is assigned, d) loading one or more second challenge-response pairs (50) from a source device (10) to the challenging device (20), while the source device (10) is operationally connected to the challenging device (20), wherein the step of loading the first challenge-response pair (50) from the source device (10) to a challenging device (20) is performed before the challenging device (20) has received any information from one of the responding devices (30), t