Abstract: This invention relates to a method of transferring water from gases generated by combustion to air of combustion when burning hydrogen-containing or moist fuels, in which the combustion gases are cooled to temperatures beneath or in the proximity of their dew point temperature. Subsequent to this initial cooling, the gases are further cooled by means of a regenerative exchange of heat with the incoming air of combustion, such that water vapor is condensed on the combustion gas side and revaporized on the air of combustion side, both heat and water vapor being transferred from the combustion gases to the air of combustion. In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the invention, the method is effected in a combustion engine, such as a diesel engine or Otto-cycle engine.

Abstract: A method of preventing corrosion in boiler plant equipment when cooling flue gases originating from a combustion plant, such as flue gases containing sulphur oxide or organic acids, to a temperature beneath which sulfuric acid condenses (sulfuric acid dew point temperature) and a further temperature defined as an upper permitted wall-temperature of the stainless steel. The upper permitted wall temperature is with respect to the stainless steel material from which the walls are made and the prevailing partial pressure of water vapor present in the gases. This limiting temperature is specific to each stainless steel. The heat exchange is by means of a coolant, suitably water, located on the other, i.e.

Abstract: A method for preventing segregations in continuous casting by deforming the continuous strand plactically during the solidification in such a way that the cross-sectional area of the strand is physically reduced on a mount corresponding substantially to the solidification and cooling shrinkage of the material along the solidifying strand length. The method avoids upward or downward transport of melt in the solidifying strand. The reduction in most cases will be 2-6% and can be accomplished with apparatus having a number of pairs of strand reducing rolls or jets along the strand, to reduce it a number of times, each time less than the total desired reduction. The degree of reduction of the strand from casting to the final strand corresponds to the solidification and cooling shrinkage.

Abstract: A method for preventing segregations in continuous casting by deforming the continuous strand plastically during the solidification in such a way that the cross sectional area of the strand is physically reduced corresponding substantially to the solidification shrinkage of the metal. The method avoids upward or downward transport of melt in the solidifying strand. The reduction in most cases will be 2-6% and can be accomplished with apparatus having a number of pair of strand reducing rolls or jets along the strand, to reduce it a number of times, each time less than the total desired reduction. The reduction of the strand from casting to the final strand follows the solidification shrinkage.

Abstract: A valve device for metallurgical containers includes an electric circuit formed by two electrodes opening out into the molten metal at the tapping point. The electric circuit measures the resistive voltage drop across the molten metal at the tapping point to determine the slag content in the tap stream by changes in the measured resistive voltage drop. The rate of tapping of the melt can be controlled simultaneously along with the indication of the presence of slag in the tap stream.

Abstract: A method for casting steel ingots in molds is provided wherein the upper surface of the ingot is caused to solidify before the interior of the ingot is solidified in order to provide an improved ingot having sound and homogeneous material over all the surfaces of the ingot and a good distribution of segregates throughout the cross section of the ingot. In the improved method, the surface temperature of the upper surface of the ingots is maintained at or near the liquidus temperature of the steel being casted for at least 10 seconds after casting so that the upper surface of the ingot remains fluid to allow slag inclusions to float to the upper surface of the ingot. The upper surface of the ingot is then solidified between 10 seconds and 2 minutes after casting by lowering the surface temperature of the ingot to a temperature at or near the solidus temperature of the steel so that the upper surface of the ingot solidifies before the interior of the ingot is solidified.