Abstract: A process for hydrogenating a sample in a pressure range below supercritical pressure values includes supplying at least a solvent of the sample to be hydrogenated by a feed pump with a constant volume rate into a flow path to create a base solution; adding the sample being dissolved into the flow path; feeding hydrogen into the flow path through a valve configured to transmit hydrogen only into a single direction; leading the dissolved sample in the presence of a catalyst through a hydrogenation reactor, where the reactor is inserted into a section of the flow path located after the hydrogen feeding position; maintaining the pressure of the reaction in a given pressure range by element of a pressure-adjusting unit, and collecting a hydrogenate formed within the hydrogenation reactor in a product receptacle connected to the end of the flow path.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating a sample in a pressure range below supercritical pressure values includes supplying at least a solvent of the sample to be hydrogenated by a feed pump with a constant volume rate into a flow path to create a base solution; adding the sample being dissolved into the flow path; feeding hydrogen into the flow path through a valve configured to transmit hydrogen only into a single direction; leading the dissolved sample in the presence of a catalyst through a hydrogenation reactor, where the reactor is inserted into a section of the flow path located after the hydrogen feeding position; maintaining the pressure of the reaction in a given pressure range by element of a pressure-adjusting unit, and collecting a hydrogenate formed within the hydrogenation reactor in a product receptacle connected to the end of the flow path.

Abstract: A laboratory scale continuous flow hydrogenation apparatus (100) includes a reservoir (104), a feed pump (102), a mixing element (108) with two inlets and an outlet, a hydrogenation reactor (110) and a pressure-adjusting unit (112), all connected into a flow path. A hydrogen source (126) and a one-way valve (120) are arranged between the hydrogen source (126) and the second inlet of the mixing element (108). The feed pump (102) can provide a constant volume rate. The reservoir (104) contains at least a solvent base solution of the sample to be hydrogenated. The hydrogenation reactor (110) connects into the flow path by detachable connections and is formed as a replaceable cartridge containing a packing which increases the flow resistance and facilitates mixing. The pressure-adjusting unit (112) connects into the flow path after the hydrogenation reactor (110) and is provided with a regulation controlled electrically.

Abstract: A flow-type laboratory scale ozonolysis apparatus (100) according to the invention comprises a reservoir (104), a n feed pump (102), a mixing element (120) with two inlets and an outlet, a reactor unit (110) and a pressure-adjusting means (160), all connected into a flow path. The ozonolysis apparatus (100) further comprises an ozone source (110), as well as a dispensing valve (112) transmitting a gas stream only in a single direction and installed between the ozone source (110) and one of the inlets of the mixing element (120). The feed pump (102) of the ozonolysis apparatus (100) according to the invention is a liquid pump generating a constant volume rate, the reservoir (104) contains at least the substance, as a solute, to be subjected to the ozonolysis reaction and the reactor unit consists of first and second reactor zones differing in function from one another. In the flow path, the outlet of the first reactor zone is connected to the inlet of the second reactor zone.

Abstract: A laboratory-scale hydrogenation cartridge reactor for hydrogenating an inflowing multi-component fluid composition includes a flow inlet defining an inflow cross-section and used for introducing the fluid composition, a flow outlet defining an outflow cross-section for discharging the hydrogenated fluid, a closed reaction volume extending between and communicating with the inlet and outlet and having a useful space of at most 10 cm3. The reaction volume is filled with an immobilized packing medium that increases flow resistance and facilitates mixing of the fluid composition. The flow inlet and the flow outlet are formed with respective detachable connection structures. A steep transitional zone is defined between the inflow side of the reaction volume and the flow inlet, wherein the cross-section of the widest portion of the steep transitional zone where the zone communicates with the reaction volume is significantly larger than the inflow cross-section.

Abstract: A flow-type laboratory hydrogenation apparatus (100) comprises a reservoir (104), a feed pump (102), a mixing element (108) with two inlets and an outlet, a hydrogenation reactor (110) and a pressure-adjusting unit (112), all connected into a flow path. The apparatus (100) also comprises a hydrogen source (126) and a one-way valve (120) arranged between the hydrogen source (126) and the second inlet of the mixing element (108). The feed pump (102) is realized by a pump providing a constant volume rate. The reservoir (104) contains at least the solvent, as base solution, of the sample to be hydrogenated. The hydrogenation reactor (110) is connected into the flow path by means of detachable connections and is formed as a replaceable cartridge which contains a packing which increases the flow resistance and facilitates mixing of the liquid and gaseous components.

Abstract: Compounds inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) activities and methods of preparing and using thereof in treating diseases are disclosed. Compounds inhibiting PI 3-K activity and methods of using PI 3-K inhibitory compounds to inhibit cancer cell grwoth or to treat disorders of immunity and inflammation, in which PI 3-K plays a role in leukocyte function are also provided.

Abstract: A novel class of peptides selectively block class E voltage-gated calcium channels. The class is exemplified by HG peptides such as HG-1, which is isolated from the venom-producing cells of the tarantula Hysterocrates gigas. Also disclosed are methods of producing blocking class E channels using the peptides. HG peptides have utility, for example, in inhibiting oxytocin release and for use as anticonvulsants.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds that block calcium channels having the Formula I shown below. The present invention also provides methods of using the compounds of Formula I to treat stroke, cerebral ischemia, head trauma, or epilepsy and to pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds of Formula I.

Abstract: The invention relates to (−)-5,6-dihydro-5-(1-piperidinyl)-methyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine to the therapeutical use thereof and to phamaceutical compositions containing the compounds as active ingredient.

Abstract: A novel class of peptides selectively block class E voltage-gated calcium channels. The class is exemplified by HG peptides such as HG-1, which is isolated from the venom-producing cells of the tarantula Hysterocrates gigas. Also disclosed are methods of producing blocking class E channels using the peptides. HG peptides have utility, for example, in inhibiting oxytocin release and for use as anticonvulsants.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds that block calcium channels having the Formula I shown below. ##STR1## The present invention also provides methods of using the compounds of Formula I to treat stroke, cerebral ischemia, head trauma, or epilepsy and to pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds of Formula I.