Abstract: Plate tectonic movements can cause drift in the position of common points used in generating maps, such as ground control points and tie points. Over time, if not corrected for, plate tectonic movement results in older images no longer accurately reflecting the ground position of the imaged features. Furthermore, plate tectonic movements are not uniform across the world and can vary significantly in direction and velocity from region to region across the globe, or between images, or even within a single image. Several methods for accounting for these movements are described herein that can use images at different times to more accurately indicate current ground coordinates by applying plate tectonic movement information.

Abstract: When generating ortho rectified imagery or products, DEM height error can result in distortions and ortho shift. Using satellite images taken from an off-nadir angle and adjusting them to be from an ortho perspective in particular creates building lean effects and other unwanted artifacts. By accounting for a DEM error, which is to say a difference in DEM height and GCP height, satellite images can be used to make images with improved ortho accuracy.

Abstract: Plate tectonic movements can cause drift in the position of common points used in generating maps, such as ground control points and tie points. Over time, if not corrected for, plate tectonic movement results in older images no longer accurately reflecting the ground position of the imaged features. Furthermore, plate tectonic movements are not uniform across the world and can vary significantly in direction and velocity from region to region across the globe, or between images, or even within a single image. Several methods for accounting for these movements are described herein that can use images at different times to more accurately indicate current ground coordinates by applying plate tectonic movement information.