Abstract: A method for quickly and reliably identifying the lithological layer of an excavated material, which includes the steps of: a) analysing a specimen of the excavated material using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the mass concentration of each of the inorganic chemical elements contained in the specimen, step a) being performed on n different surfaces of the specimen in order to determine n mass concentrations of each of the inorganic chemical elements contained in the specimen, with n being a whole number greater than or equal to 2, b) calculating the mean of the n mass concentrations of each of the inorganic chemical elements contained in the specimen and the standard deviation of this mean, c) classifying each of the inorganic chemical elements contained in the excavated material according to certain criteria for the mean n mass concentration, and d) identifying the lithological layer of the excavated material based on the classification performed during step c).

Abstract: A process for rendering excavation material inert for the purpose of their analysis, of their storage and/or of their valorisation. The process for inerting the excavation material includes adding an organic acid, of a complexing agent or of a diaminotetracarboxylic acid to the excavation material, the complexing agent being chosen from a sugar alcohol, a cationic surface-active agent and their mixtures. Also, a method of determining the concentration by weight of a polluting inorganic element included in an excavated material, a method of storage of the inert excavation material, and a method of valorising the inerted material.

Abstract: A method for quickly and reliably identifying the lithological layer of an excavated material, which includes the steps of: a) analysing a specimen of the excavated material using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the mass concentration of each of the inorganic chemical elements contained in the specimen, step a) being performed on n different surfaces of the specimen in order to determine n mass concentrations of each of the inorganic chemical elements contained in the specimen, with n being a whole number greater than or equal to 2, b) calculating the mean of the n mass concentrations of each of the inorganic chemical elements contained in the specimen and the standard deviation of this mean, c) classifying each of the inorganic chemical elements contained in the excavated material according to certain criteria for the mean n mass concentration, and d) identifying the lithological layer of the excavated material based on the classification performed during step c).

Abstract: The invention concerns a welded stainless steel tube for use in fluid evaporation techniques, particularly a food fluid, characterized in that it comprises, on its outer heat-exchanging surface, mostly smooth, localized means for accumulating and conducting condensations generated on the heat-exchanging smooth surface, means consisting of elevations in the form of shoulders extending over the length of the tube and capable of forming recesses distributed over said tube length.