Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising one or more of clove oil, eucalyptus oil, basil oil, ginger oil, an extract or component of any of these, or a combination thereof, and to a buffer composition having a pH of from 6.7 to 7.9 at a temperature of 37° C., both for use in the treatment, prophylactic treatment or amelioration of an airborne viral infection, or for use in reducing viral replication in a subject infected with an airborne virus or exposed to an airborne virus capable of causing an airborne viral infection in the subject. The present invention also relates to an aqueous composition either comprising a buffer and an essential oil with antiviral, antibacterial or antifungal activity; or comprising a buffer, hydrogen carbonate ions, and zinc ions; or comprising a buffer, hydrogen carbonate ions, and transferrin and/or iron ions. The present invention also relates to methods of preparing the compositions, and to concentrates of the compositions.