Abstract: The present invention relates to a PAK-1 and/or PAK-2 inhibitor for use in the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome mediated IL-1beta dependent disorders in a subject in need thereof. Inventors invalidated PAK-1 and/or PAK-2 in BMDM by transfecting siRNA targeting either PAK-1 and/or PAK-2 (PAK-3 is predominantly expressed in the brain). After 72 hours of siRNA expression, cells were stimulated by LPS and the CNF1 toxin for 8 hours. They observed that cells invalidated for PAK-1 had a reduced Caspase-1 activation compared to the control cells or cells invalidated for PAK-2. Similar results were observed when the IL-1? maturation was monitored. Confirming this data, the use of PAK-1 inhibitors (IPA-3 and FRAX597) were sufficient to block the IL-1? maturation observed in macrophages treated with LPS and CNF1 as well as Caspase-1 activation measured using FAM-FLICA.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Rho GTPase activator, such as namely the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), for use in preventing and/or treating infections by a pathogen in a patient in need thereof. The invention also relates to a Rho GTPase activator, such as CNF1, for use in preventing and/or treating pathologies associated with an infection by a pathogen in a patient in need thereof. For instance, the invention relates to a Rho GTPase activator for use in treating infections by bacteria in a patient in need thereof and also relates to a Rho GTPase activator for use in reducing or eliminating bacteremia in a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: A phosphosilicate apatite useful as a confinement matrix for radioactive waste, and having the formula: MtCaxLnyHfwPuz−w(PO4)6−u(SiO4)uF2  (I) wherein: M represents an alkaline metal, Ln represents at least one cation selected from lanthanides, and t, x, y, z, w and u are such that: 0≦t≦1, 8≦x≦10, 0≦y≦1, 0<z≦0.5, 0≦w≦z, and 0<u≦y+2z, and the total number of positive charges provided by the alkaline metal, Ca, Ln, Hf and Pu cations are equal to 20+u is prepared by a sintering-reaction of a mixture of reagent powders, in a neutral or reducing atmosphere, with application of pressure before or during sintering.