Abstract: The invention is a method for exploitation of a sedimentary basin containing hydrocarbons, including optimized scaling of the geological model. Based on categorical property measurements, a first meshed representation of a formation is constructed reflecting the categorical property measurements. At least one second meshed representation having a lower resolution is constructed by assigning a categorical property value to each mesh of the second representation corresponding to a group of meshes of the first representation and storing parameters for changing from the second representation to the first representation with those change parameters enabling reconstitution of the first representation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-material rotary cutting tool (1) and a method for manufacturing such a tool that includes at least one continuous or substantially continuous cutting edge (8, 9) made of at least two different successive materials. The extremity or top (10) of the tool is a point off-centered in relation to the axis of rotation (5) of the tool.

Abstract: The invention is a method for exploitation of a sedimentary basin containing hydrocarbons, including optimized scaling of the geological model. Based on categorical property measurements, a first meshed representation of a formation is constructed reflecting the categorical property measurements. At least one second meshed representation having a lower resolution is constructed by assigning a categorical property value to each mesh of the second representation corresponding to a group of meshes of the first representation and storing parameters for changing from the second representation to the first representation with those change parameters enabling reconstitution of the first representation.

Abstract: The invention is a method for processing seismic data to eliminate the coherent noise arising from multiple seismic reflections. A decomposition procedure is applied to decompose along N directions of decomposition seismic data into a set of N components. At least one model of multiple reflections is decomposed according to the same decomposition procedure and along the same N directions. For each direction of decomposition, a relative concentration between the component of the model of multiples and the component of the data in the direction concerned is calculated. Next a procedure of adaptive filtering of the multiple reflections is applied to each of the seismic components. The filtered seismic components are recombined with the recombination being weighted by a weighting dependent on the relative concentrations calculated for each direction of decomposition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-material rotary cutting tool (1) and a method for manufacturing such a tool that includes at least one continuous or substantially continuous cutting edge (8, 9) made of at least two different successive materials. The extremity or top (10) of the tool is a point off-centered in relation to the axis of rotation (5) of the tool.

Abstract: A method for detection of abnormal combustion for internal combustion engines is disclosed. A physical model is chosen that describes, as a function of the angle ? of rotation of the engine crankshaft, the development of pressure in the cylinder during combustion without any pre-ignition phenomenon. The cylinder pressure Pe(?) is estimated using this model and the intake pressure is measured. The beginning of abnormal combustion is detected by comparing a first value of a variable calculated using the measurement of the cylinder pressure, to a second value of the variable calculated using the estimation of the cylinder pressure. The amplitude of the pre-ignition is determined by repeating these steps for a defined number of crankshaft angles. Then the progress of the abnormal combustion detected in the combustion chamber is controlled as a function of the amplitude of the pre-ignition phenomenon.

Abstract: An abnormal combustion detection method for spark-ignition internal-combustion engines, from combustion indicator distribution modelling is disclosed. At least one combustion indicator such as CA10 is determined. The distribution of N values of this indicator, acquired over N cycles preceding the cycle in progress, is modelled by determining coefficients of a theoretical distribution law. Modelling is repeated by removing extreme values from among the N values or for various working points of the engine, to obtain an evolution of the coefficients. At least one parameter characterizing evolution of at least one of these coefficients is determined. The start of an abnormal combustion is detected by comparing the parameter with a predetermined threshold, and the course of the abnormal combustion detected in the combustion chamber is controlled.

Abstract: An abnormal combustion detection method is disclosed for spark-ignition internal-combustion engines, from combustion indicators. Combustion indicators, such as CA10 and MIP, are determined which are converted to new indicators having lower dispersions than those of indicators for normal combustions that are not converted. A parameter characterizing a distribution of N values of the new combustion indicators, acquired over N cycles preceding the cycle in progress, is then determined. The start of an abnormal combustion is thereafter detected by comparing this parameter with a threshold, and the course of the abnormal combustion detected in the combustion chamber is controlled.

Abstract: An abnormal combustion detection and characterization method for spark-ignition internal-combustion engines using combustion indicators is disclosed. A multidimensional space having each dimension corresponding to one of the indicators is defined and a closed surface is defined in this space to surround points corresponding to normal combustions and to not surround points corresponding to abnormal combustions. For each combustion of an engine cycle, the combustion of the cycle is represented by a point in this multidimensional space, the position of this point with respect to the surface is determined and the abnormal nature of the combustion is deduced therefrom.

Abstract: The invention is an abnormal combustion detection method for spark-ignition internal-combustion engines. For each engine cycle, a parameter characterizing a distribution of N combustion indicator values, CA10 for example, acquired over N cycles preceding the cycle in progress, is determined while ignoring extreme values. A threshold is defined from this parameter for the combustion indicator. The start of an abnormal combustion is then detected by comparing the combustion indicator with this threshold and the course of the abnormal combustion detected in the combustion chamber is controlled.

Abstract: A method for stratigraphic interpretation of a seismic image for determining a sedimentary history of an underground zone having application to petroleum exploration. The seismic reflectors of the image are digitized by means of an applied shape recognition technique. At least one attribute characteristic of the structure of the image in the vicinity of each reflector is calculated for a set of reflectors by means of an image analysis technique. This analysis is based on at least one analysis window whose shape is controlled by the associated reflector. Pertinent reflectors, in the sense of the stratigraphic interpretation, are selected from among this set of reflectors on the basis of this attribute. Finally, the sedimentary history of the underground zone is reconstructed from a stratigraphic interpretation of the reflectors thus selected.

Abstract: The Invention is a method for quantitative analysis of a mixture of molecular compounds by two-dimensional gas chromatography having application for quantitative analysis of products from the chemical or petroleum industry. A two-dimensional gas chromatography is carried out, during which a chromatographic signal is recorded. A chromatogram in two dimensions on which chromatographic peaks form spots is generated from the signal. These spots are defined by means of polygons. Then, for each polygon, chromatographic signal portions contained between two intersections of the polygon with columns of the chromatogram are extracted. Start and end times are defined for the chromatographic peaks present in these portions and the polygon is adjusted by shifting its intersection points according to the start and end times of the chromatographic peaks. Finally, molecular compound amounts are determined by calculating the surface area of the polygons thus adjusted.

Abstract: An abnormal combustion detection method is disclosed for spark-ignition internal-combustion engines, from combustion indicators. Combustion indicators, such as CA10 and MIP, are determined which are converted to new indicators having lower dispersions than those of indicators for normal combustions that are not converted. A parameter characterizing a distribution of N values of the new combustion indicators, acquired over N cycles preceding the cycle in progress, is then determined. The start of an abnormal combustion is thereafter detected by comparing this parameter with a threshold, and the course of the abnormal combustion detected in the combustion chamber is controlled.

Abstract: An abnormal combustion detection method for spark-ignition internal-combustion engines, from combustion indicator distribution modelling is disclosed. At least one combustion indicator such as CA10 is determined. The distribution of N values of this indicator, acquired over N cycles preceding the cycle in progress, is modelled by determining coefficients of a theoretical distribution law. Modelling is repeated by removing extreme values from among the N values or for various working points of the engine, to obtain an evolution of the coefficients. At least one parameter characterizing evolution of at least one of these coefficients is determined. The start of an abnormal combustion is detected by comparing the parameter with a predetermined threshold, and the course of the abnormal combustion detected in the combustion chamber is controlled.

Abstract: The invention is an abnormal combustion detection method for spark-ignition internal-combustion engines. For each engine cycle, a parameter characterizing a distribution of N combustion indicator values, CA10 for example, acquired over N cycles preceding the cycle in progress, is determined while ignoring extreme values. A threshold is defined from this parameter for the combustion indicator. The start of an abnormal combustion is then detected by comparing the combustion indicator with this threshold and the course of the abnormal combustion detected in the combustion chamber is controlled.

Abstract: A method for detection of abnormal combustion for internal combustion engines is disclosed. A physical model is chosen that describes, as a function of the angle a of rotation of the engine crankshaft, the development of pressure in the cylinder during combustion without any pre-ignition phenomenon. The cylinder pressure Pe(?) is estimated using this model and the intake pressure is measured. The beginning of abnormal combustion is detected by comparing a first value of a variable calculated using the measurement of the cylinder pressure, to a second value of the variable calculated using the estimation of the cylinder pressure. The amplitude of the pre-ignition is determined by repeating these steps for a defined number of crankshaft angles. Then the progress of the abnormal combustion detected in the combustion chamber is controlled as a function of the amplitude of the pre-ignition phenomenon.

Abstract: A method of real-time estimation of indicators of the engine combustion state from signals containing oscillating components. A signal, such as a vibration signal for example, correlated with the engine combustion, is acquired as a function of time or of the crank angle. Real-time filtering and time-frequency analysis of this signal is carried out and indicators of the combustion state are estimated in real time from this analysis. The method has application for combustion control of an internal-combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention is a method for stratigraphic interpretation of a seismic image for determining a sedimentary history of an underground zone having application to petroleum exploration. The seismic reflectors of the image are digitized by means of an applied shape recognition technique. At least one attribute characteristic of the structure of the image in the vicinity of each reflector is calculated for a set of reflectors by means of an image analysis technique. This analysis is based on at least one analysis window whose shape is controlled by the associated reflector. Pertinent reflectors, in the sense of the stratigraphic interpretation, are selected from among this set of reflectors on the basis of this attribute. Finally, the sedimentary history of the underground zone is reconstructed from a stratigraphic interpretation of the reflectors thus selected.

Abstract: The Invention is a method for quantitative analysis of a mixture of molecular compounds by two-dimensional gas chromatography having application for quantitative analysis of products from the chemical or petroleum industry. A two-dimensional gas chromatography is carried out, during which a chromatographic signal is recorded. A chromatogram in two dimensions on which chromatographic peaks form spots is generated from the signal. These spots are defined by means of polygons. Then, for each polygon, chromatographic signal portions contained between two intersections of the polygon with columns of the chromatogram are extracted. Start and end times are defined for the chromatographic peaks present in these portions and the polygon is adjusted by shifting its intersection points according to the start and end times of the chromatographic peaks. Finally, molecular compound amounts are determined by calculating the surface area of the polygons thus adjusted.

Abstract: A method of real-time estimation of indicators of the engine combustion state from signals containing oscillating components. A signal, such as a vibration signal for example, correlated with the engine combustion, is acquired as a function of time or of the crank angle. Real-time filtering and time-frequency analysis of this signal is carried out and indicators of the combustion state are estimated in real time from this analysis. The method has application for combustion control of an internal-combustion engine.