Abstract: Inter-alia, methods are disclosed for decoding an optimized message format utilizable for positioning. The methods may include obtaining at least one encoded sample measurement comprising: at a maximum two full identifier information of respective radio nodes; at a maximum three partial identifier information of respective radio nodes, wherein a part of a respective full identifier information of the respective radio nodes is comprised; and at least one signal strength information of the respective radio nodes; and resolving a respective partial identifier information of the maximum of three partial identifier information of respective radio nodes to determine their respective full identifier information. Corresponding apparatus(es), computer program(s) and system(s) are disclosed.

Abstract: Inter-alia, a method is disclosed comprising: gathering at least one sample measurement comprising at least one of an identifier information or signal strength information of a plurality of radio nodes, wherein one or more signals sent by the respective radio nodes are observable at a location where the apparatus performs the gather of the at least one sample measurement; encoding the at least one sample measurement based on the following conditions: allowing the encoded at least one sample measurement to comprise at a maximum two full identifier information of the respective radio nodes; allowing the encoded at least one sample measurement to comprise at a maximum three partial identifier information, wherein a part of a respective full identifier information of the respective radio nodes is allowed to be comprised; and allowing the encoded at least one sample measurement to comprise at least one signal strength information of the respective radio nodes; and providing the encoded at least one sample measurem

Abstract: A device based on iontophoresis and intended for transdermal dosing of an active agent, said device comprising a pair of electrodes (11,12), which can be connected to a direct-current source, and two chambers (13, 14), separated from each other, the first chamber (13) containing the active agent, each chamber having a porous membrane (15, 16) on the side facing the individual's skin, and the first chamber (13) being divided in two sections (13a, 13b) in such a manner that the first chamber section (13a) is in contact with the electrode (11) and the second chamber section (13b) is in contact with the membrane (15) coming into contact with an individual's skin, wherein between the chamber sections (13a and 13b) is a membrane (18) selectively permeable either to cations or to anions, the first chamber section (13a) containing an electrolyte and the second chamber section (13b) containing the ionic active agent, bound to a ion exchanger therein, which in turn preferably comprises fibres and ion exchanging grou