Abstract: A catalytic electrode is produced by sputter etching the surface of a conductor with ions of an inert gas to remove oxide therefrom and introduce disorder into the surface making it chemically reactive and depositing a catalytic metal on the etched surface of the conductor in at least a catalytic amount.

Abstract: A catalytic electrode is produced by sputter etching the surface of a conductor with ions of an inert gas to remove oxide therefrom and introduce disorder into the surface making it chemically reactive and depositing a catalytic metal on the etched surface of the conductor in at least a catalytic amount.

Abstract: A hydrogen detector comprised of a substrate supporting an electrically conducting base metal film, an upper electrically conducting duffusion barrier metal film, a polycrystalline film of titanium dioxide sandwiched between the base and diffusion barrier films, said polycrystalline titanium dioxide film electrically insulating the base film from said diffusion barrier film, the base film being in electrical contact with the titanium dioxide film, an insulating layer electrically insulating said titanium dioxide film from said diffusion barrier film except for a predetermined surface portion thereof in electrical contact with said diffusion barrier film, said predetermined electrically contacting portion being at least sufficiently large to produce a measurable electrical conductance, an electrically conducting or non-conducting catalytic top film of metal able to dissociate hydrogen into its atomic form in electrical contact with said diffusion barrier film and at least substantially coextensive with said ba

Abstract: A hydrogen detector comprised of a substrate supporting an electrically conducting base metal film, an electrically conducting top film of metal able to dissociate hydrogen into atomic form, a polycrystalline film of titanium dioxide sandwiched between the base and top films, the polycrystalline titanium dioxide film electrically insulating the base film from said top film, the base film being in electrical contact with the titanium dioxide film, an insulating layer electrically insulating said titanium dioxide film from said top film except for a predetermined surface portion thereof in electrical contact with said top film, said predetermined electrically contacting portion being at least sufficiently large to produce a measurable electrical conductance, said top and base films being connected to an external circuit to measure conductance, the electrical conductivity of said hydrogen detector varying with the concentration of hydrogen in the atmosphere surrounding it.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the interior dimensions of the walls of a hollow body. The apparatus is insertable into a restricted opening of the hollow body and includes means for transmitting a beam of electromagnetic energy toward an interior wall of the hollow body. When the electromagnetic energy illuminates the interior wall, acoustic waves are radiated back to the apparatus. The apparatus detects the acoustic waves and measures the elapsed time between transmission of the electromagnetic energy and detection of the acoustic waves. From elapsed time measurements the dimensions of the interior walls are obtained.