Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of polyacrylamide or other water soluble vinyl addition polymers having amide functionality can be reacted with formaldehyde and a secondary amine containing 2-8 carbon atoms followed by quaternization to prepare water-in-oil emulsions of quaternized cationically modified polyacrylamides.The resultant water-in-oil emulsions are stabilized against cross linking by the addition to the water-in-oil emulsions of an aqueous solution of a water soluble phosphorous compound having a P--H bond. The phosphorous containing compound is added in such a quantity so as to provide from 1.6-25% by weight of the phosphorous compound based on the weight of the polymer contained within the water-in-oil emulsion and to simultaneously adjust the pH of the water-in-oil emulsion to a range of between 3.5-5.0.

Abstract: Phosphate esters including polymers are produced by mixing polyols, such as glycerol, with phosphoric acid material followed by heating under reduced pressure in the presence of inorganic base to temperatures of from about 135.degree. to 165.degree. C. By maintaining reactants under subatmospheric conditions, water is removed as formed. The products have utility as scale suppressant additives to water used in heat exchange and cooling tower applications.

Abstract: Phosphate esters including polymers are produced by mixing polyols, such as glycerol, with phosphoric acid material followed by heating under reduced pressures in the presence of inorganic base to temperatures of from about 135.degree. to 165.degree. C. By maintaining reactants under subatmospheric conditions, water is removed as formed. The products have utility as scale suppressant additives to water used in heat exchange and cooling tower applications.