Abstract: A solid clathrate hydrate comprising lactate anion and a calcium cation. The clathrate hydrate serves as a sponge that can be used to store a gas such as hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. The presence of carboxylate anion (lactate) stabilizes the clathrate so that it is solid and stable at relatively mild temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: A solid clathrate hydrate comprising lactate anion and a calcium cation. The clathrate hydrate serves as a sponge that can be used to store a gas such as hydrogen, methane, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. The presence of carboxylate anion (lactate) stabilizes the clathrate so that it is solid and stable at relatively mild temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the regeneration of contaminated acid. The process involves cooling the contaminated acid to a lower temperature sufficient to form at least one liquid hydrate of the acid without forming a solid hydrate of the acid, maintaining the contaminated acid at the lower temperature for a time sufficient to form at least one liquid hydrate of the acid and precipitate an amount of the contaminants, separating the precipitated contaminants from the cooled acid, and warming the acid to decompose the liquid hydrate.

Abstract: A process for purifying a sulfuric acid solution such as by cooling a sulfuric acid solution to at or near its freezing point to form a slurry of a solid phase and a liquid phase. The slurry has an acid-rich region and an acid-poor region. The acid-rich region is separated from the acid-poor region on the basis of density.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the regeneration of contaminated acid. The process involves cooling the contaminated acid to a lower temperature sufficient to form at least one liquid hydrate of the acid without forming a solid hydrate of the acid, maintaining the contaminated acid at the lower temperature for a time sufficient to form at least one liquid hydrate of the acid and precipitate an amount of the contaminants, separating the precipitated contaminants from the cooled acid, and warming the acid to decompose the liquid hydrate.

Abstract: A solids-liquid slurry separating centrifuge has a rotary bowl, a conveyor rotatable coaxially therein, an outlet for solids, and a liquids outlet permitting retention in the bowl of a pool of slurry with an inner surface at or close to the axis of the bowl. Mechanism for discharging solids from the solids outlet includes a frusto-conical inner portion of the bowl and a coaxial frusto-conical hub on the conveyor within it having their smaller ends at the solids outlet, the hub being formed to a larger cone angle than the bowl portion such that the outlet end of the passage between them is wider than its inlet end and is approximately equal in cross-sectional area to the passage inlet. The hub has a conveyor blade helix of diminishing spacing between turns from the larger diameter end toward the smaller diameter end of the passage.