Abstract: A spectroanalytical system for receiving radiation to be analyzed along a first path includes a grating in the first path with periodic faceted grooves for spatially separating the radiation as a function of wavelength. The blaze angles of the faceted grooves are progressively graded. A multielement detector detects radiation spatially separated by the grating. An optical conditioner is disposed in the first path between the grating and a multielement detector.

Abstract: A transmission cell apparatus for in-process spectroscopy comprising symmetric compound parabolic light concentrators (4, 5) terminating optical transmission fibers (8, 9) and abutting windows (2, 3) defining the sample cell.

Abstract: A system for spectroscopic monitoring that includes a broadband source of radiation, structure defining a non-elongate entrance aperture for receiving radiation to be analyzed along a first path; dispersion structure disposed in the first path for spatially dispersing the radiation in the first path as a function of wavelength, structure defining a non-elongate exit aperture for receiving a portion of the dispersed radiation, detector structure for detecting radiation passed through said exit aperture structure, and conical astigmatism reducing reflector structure disposed in the radiation path between the dispersion structure and the exit aperture structure for reducing astigmatism.

Abstract: A spectroanalytical system includes entrance aperture defining structure for receiving radiation to be analyzed along a first path; dispersion structure in the first path for spatially dispersing the radiation as a function of wavelength; exit aperture structure defining a non-elongate aperture for receiving radiation from the dispersion structure; detector aperture structure coupled to the exit aperture structure for detecting selected wavelengths of the dispersion radiation; and wedge-like conditioner structure disposed between the first path and between the dispersion structure and the entrance and exit aperture structures.

Abstract: A fiber optic mixer is disclosed. A large diameter fiber has a curved radiation input end portion and a straight radiation output end portion. The length of the curved input end portion of the fiber is long enough to cause all entering radiation to hit the reflecting core boundary while the length of the straight output end portion is long enough to provide sufficient internal reflections to mix the radiation entering at the input end to produce a nearly zero correlation between an enterirg ray position and its position as an exiting ray. The fiber optic mixer can be used to efficiently couple radiation from the source or interferometer of a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) to a multiplicity of optical fibers so that each fiber receives substantially identical spectral, angular and intensity distributions of radiation.

Abstract: An optical signal channel selection device which includes a plurality of first fixed optical signal channels for transmitting optical signals along a plurality of first parallel optical axes and a second fixed optical signal channel for transmitting optical signals along a second optical channel axis parallel to the first axes. A pair of reflective surfaces are fixed so as to be parallel to each other, the reflective surfaces being movable between the first optical channels and the second optical channel so that a first one of the reflective surfaces can be selectively positioned opposite selected ones of the first signal channels and the second reflective surface is positioned opposite the second signal channel. An input optical signal from a selected one of the first channels is incident on the first reflective surface and is directed toward the second reflective surfaces so as to be reflected therefrom in parallel with the input optical signal.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus includes a resectoscope with a novel working element stem, a novel cutting electrode for use with the stem and novel electrical features including a dielectric moving block element for reciprocating the electrode. The stem portion of the working element has a telescope channel member with a central axis and a pair of cutting electrode guide channel members spaced apart and mounted on opposite sides of the telescope channel member above its central axis. The cutting electrode consists of a single length of electrically conductive wire with a loop portion in the middle of the wire and a pair of substantially straight, flexible, parallel, spaced apart insulation covered arms having similar lengths and extending rearwardly from the loop in the same direction. The arms of the electrode are inserted within the cutting electrode channel members in the working element stem.