Abstract: Previous data output devices were designed to print a paper copy of data and/or receipts which causes a disconnect with modern day data manipulation. This logistics system can forward data to and receive data from the internet and hand held devices which will open up extremely fast data exchange and data manipulation for consumers, cities, states and the federal government without the expense of having to purchase complete new systems. By simply interfacing the logistics device (be it a hardware or software implementation) we can connect via wired or wirelessly old computer systems/point-of-sale/databases/etc. to modern day systems which have the ability to manipulate data automatically. This logistics system allows for extraordinary flexibility and improvement of legacy systems, bringing them to the modern Cloud, connected world of devices, without modifying the existing system's hardware.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for solid-state X-ray detection with high temporal resolution are described. An example method includes receiving an X-ray pulse in a semiconductor chip resulting in an electron cloud being formed in the semiconductor chip, applying a first set of voltages across a first plurality of drift cathode strips on a first side of the semiconductor chip and a second plurality of drift cathode strips on a second side of the semiconductor chip, applying a second set of voltages to across the first and the second plurality of drift cathode strips to form an electric field having a linear profile to cause the electron cloud to drift along the middle of the semiconductor chip, and activating a counter cathode on the second side and one or more readout anodes on the first side to collect the electron cloud after spreading in the middle section of the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: Previous information generating devices or printers were designed to print a paper copy of data and/or receipts which causes a disconnect with modem day data manipulation. This information redirector can redirects generated data to and receive data from the internet and hand held devices which will open up extremely fast data exchange and data manipulation for consumers, cities, states and the federal government without the expense of having to purchase complete new systems. By simply adding the redirector we can connect all old computer systems with modem day systems that now have the ability to manipulate data automatically.

Abstract: A photoconductive switch that uses materials that support negative differential mobility, whose operation leverages the pulse compression of a charge could to generate the “on” time of the pulse in combination with the speed of light to generate the “off” time of the pulse, is described. In one example, a method of operating a photoconductive switch, which includes two electrodes and a light absorbing material positioned therebetween, includes selecting a value for one or more parameters comprising a voltage for generation of an electric field, a spot size of a laser pulse, a temporal pulse width of the laser pulse, or an intensity of the laser pulse, wherein the selected value(s) for the one or more parameters enable the switch to operate in a region where the light absorbing material exhibits negative differential mobility, and illuminating the light absorbing material with the laser pulse to generate a charge cloud within the light absorbing material.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a multi-initialization ensemble-based defense strategy against an adversarial attack. In one embodiment, an exemplary method includes training a plurality of conventional neural networks (CNNs) with a training set of images, wherein the images include original images and images modified by an adversarial attack; after training of the plurality of conventional neural networks, providing an input image to the plurality of conventional neural networks, wherein the input image has been modified by an adversarial attack; receiving a probability output for the input image from each of the plurality of conventional neural networks; producing an ensemble probability output for the input image by combining the probability outputs from each of the plurality of conventional neural networks; and labeling the input image as belonging to one of the one or more categories based on the ensemble probability output.

Abstract: Bootstrapped semantic preprocessing techniques for medical datasets such as whole slide histopathology image datasets can be used to more efficiently and effectively train artificial intelligence used for medical purposes. The bootstrapped semantic preprocessing techniques generally include deriving metrics from image features and adjusting images according to the metrics. This process can be repeated iteratively for unknown and unlabeled data using a bootstrapping technique to normalize unknown samples to the training dataset distribution.

Abstract: Previous printers were designed to print a paper copy of data and/or receipts which causes a disconnect with modem day data manipulation. This printer interface can print data to and receive data from the internet and hand held devices which will open up extremely fast data exchange and data manipulation for consumers, cities, states and the federal government without the expense of having to purchase complete new systems. By simply changing out an old printer we can connect all old computer systems with modem day systems that now have the ability to manipulate data automatically.

Abstract: Previous information generating devices or printers were designed to print a paper copy of data and/or receipts which causes a disconnect with modem day data manipulation. This information redirector can redirect generated data to and receive data from the internet and hand held devices which will open up extremely fast data exchange and data manipulation for consumers, cities, states and the federal government without the expense of having to purchase complete new systems. By simply adding the redirector we can connect all old computer systems with modem day systems that now have the ability to manipulate data automatically.

Abstract: A photoconductive switch that uses materials that support negative differential mobility, whose operation leverages the pulse compression of a charge could to generate the “on” time of the pulse in combination with the speed of light to generate the “off” time of the pulse, is described. In one example, a method of operating a photoconductive switch, which includes two electrodes and a light absorbing material positioned therebetween, includes selecting a value for one or more parameters comprising a voltage for generation of an electric field, a spot size of a laser pulse, a temporal pulse width of the laser pulse, or an intensity of the laser pulse, wherein the selected value(s) for the one or more parameters enable the switch to operate in a region where the light absorbing material exhibits negative differential mobility, and illuminating the light absorbing material with the laser pulse to generate a charge cloud within the light absorbing material.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for solid-state X-ray detection with high temporal resolution are described. An example method includes receiving an X-ray pulse in a semiconductor chip resulting in an electron cloud being formed in the semiconductor chip, applying a first set of voltages across a first plurality of drift cathode strips on a first side of the semiconductor chip and a second plurality of drift cathode strips on a second side of the semiconductor chip, applying a second set of voltages to across the first and the second plurality of drift cathode strips to form an electric field having a linear profile to cause the electron cloud to drift along the middle of the semiconductor chip, and activating a counter cathode on the second side and one or more readout anodes on the first side to collect the electron cloud after spreading in the middle section of the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: Previous information generating devices or printers were designed to print a paper copy of data and/or receipts which causes a disconnect with modem day data manipulation. This information redirector can redirect generated data to and receive data from the internet and hand held devices which will open up extremely fast data exchange and data manipulation for consumers, cities, states and the federal government without the expense of having to purchase complete new systems. By simply adding the redirector we can connect all old computer systems with modem day systems that now have the ability to manipulate data automatically.

Abstract: Previous printers were designed to print a paper copy of data and/or receipts which causes a disconnect with modem day data manipulation. This printer interface can print data to and receive data from the internet and hand held devices which will open up extremely fast data exchange and data manipulation for consumers, cities, states and the federal government without the expense of having to purchase complete new systems. By simply changing out an old printer we can connect all old computer systems with modem day systems that now have the ability to manipulate data automatically.

Abstract: Previous printers were designed to print a paper copy of data and/or receipts which causes a disconnect with modem day data manipulation. This printer interface can print data to and receive data from the internet and hand held devices which will open up extremely fast data exchange and data manipulation for consumers, cities, states and the federal government without the expense of having to purchase complete new systems. By simply changing out an old printer we can connect all old computer systems with modem day systems that now have the ability to manipulate data automatically.

Abstract: Previous printers were designed to print a paper copy of data and/or receipts which causes a disconnect with modern day data manipulation. This printer interface can print data to and receive data from the internet and hand held devices which will open up extremely fast data exchange and data manipulation for consumers, cities, states and the federal government without the expense of having to purchase complete new systems. By simply changing out an old printer we can connect all old computer systems with modern day systems that now have the ability to manipulate data automatically.

Abstract: A wirelessly controlled active inflow control valve system. The valve system includes at least one downhole zonal production control unit. The at least one zonal production control unit includes a valve configured to control an inflow of fluid, at least one sensor configured to sense at least one parameter, and a central downhole control and data acquisition unit communicatively coupled to the valve and the at least one sensor. The central downhole control and data acquisition unit sends an actuation signal to the valve and receives at least one data output from the at least one sensor. The central downhole control and data acquisition unit transmits the at least one data output to a surface control and data acquisition unit via a wireless communication protocol and receives a control command from the surface downhole control and data acquisition unit via the wireless communication protocol.

Abstract: Previous printers were designed to print a paper copy of data and/or receipts which causes a disconnect with modem day data manipulation. This printer interface can print data to and receive data from the internet and hand held devices which will open up extremely fast data exchange and data manipulation for consumers, cities, states and the federal government without the expense of having to purchase complete new systems. By simply changing out an old printer we can connect all old computer systems with modem day systems that now have the ability to manipulate data automatically.

Abstract: Previous printers were designed to print a paper copy of data and/or receipts which causes a disconnect with modern day data manipulation. This printer interface can print data to and receive data from the internet and hand held devices which will open up extremely fast data exchange and data manipulation for consumers, cities, states and the federal government without the expense of having to purchase complete new systems. By simply changing out an old printer we can connect all old computer systems with modern day systems that now have the ability to manipulate data automatically.

Abstract: Dimensions of structures in integrated circuits are shrinking with each new fabrication technology generation. Maintaining control of profiles of structures in transistors and interconnects is becoming more important to sustaining profitable integrated circuit production facilities. Measuring profiles of structures with many elements in integrated circuits, such as MOS transistor gates with recessed regions for Si—Ge epitaxial layers, is not cost effective for the commonly used metrology techniques: SEM, TEM and AFM. Scatterometry is technically unfeasible due to the number of elements and optical constants. The instant invention is a simplified scatterometry structure which reproduces the profiles of a structure to be profiled in a simpler structure that is compatible with conventional scatterometric techniques. A method of fabricating a transistor and an integrated circuit using the inventive simplified scatterometry structure are also disclosed.

Abstract: Dimensions of structures in integrated circuits are shrinking with each new fabrication technology generation. Maintaining control of profiles of structures in transistors and interconnects is becoming more important to sustaining profitable integrated circuit production facilities. Measuring profiles of structures with many elements in integrated circuits, such as MOS transistor gates with recessed regions for Si—Ge epitaxial layers, is not cost effective for the commonly used metrology techniques: SEM, TEM and AFM. Scatterometry is technically unfeasible due to the number of elements and optical constants. The instant invention is a simplified scatterometry structure which reproduces the profiles of a structure to be profiled in a simpler structure that is compatible with conventional scatterometric techniques. A method of fabricating a transistor and an integrated circuit using the inventive simplified scatterometry structure are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a reversing valve for reversing flow in a refrigeration system. The reversing valve includes a valve body having first, second, third, and fourth ports disposed into the valve body. A valve member inside the valve body can be selectively moved between a first position intersecting the second and third ports and a second position intersecting the second and fourth ports. The valve member defines a channel that directs flow between the selected pairs of ports. The channel is generally shaped as a curve that bends the flow between the selected ports. To reduce the pressure drop across the reversing valve, a flow splitter is included that divides the channel into multiple sub-channels. Dividing the channel into multiple sub-channels increases the curve ratio of the channel, which reduces the generation of turbulent secondary flows in the channel. The flow splitter also provides additional structural support to the valve member.