Abstract: A distributive coupler for use with at least one set of optical fibers includes a fiber optic terminal for supporting the end portions of each set of optical fibers. In a reflective mode, the coupler is adapted for use with one set of optical fibers by directing light transmitted through any one or more of the optical fibers back onto the set of optical fibers. A reflecting element is utilized to reflect transmitted light toward the set of optical fibers and a focusing element is utilized to focus reflected light onto the set of optical fibers. In a transmissive mode, the coupler is adapted for use with two sets of optical fibers by directing light transmitted through any one or more of the optical fibers onto the other set of optical fibers. A shaping element is utilized for shaping light transmitted toward the other set of optical fibers and a focusing element is utilized for focusing transmitted light onto the other set of optical fibers.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for improved optical discrimination in a total particle population of particles having a significant light absorption characteristic and particles having a significant light scattering characteristic. There is provided in such a method a combination of steps including, directing a beam of light from a source to transversely illuminate at an optical interaction station particles passed one by one through such station, partially obstructing the beam beyond the station for passage of scattered and unscattered portions of the beam, when a particle is in said beam and detecting one of said beam portions.