Abstract: A system for monitoring and directing athletic or other physical activities is disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, a headset worn by an athlete includes one or more sensors, a microprocessor, a non-volatile memory and a communication link. The athlete's headset receives and transmits signals to a coach while the athlete is performing an activity. In this embodiment, the present invention provides coordinated audio streams to the athlete during his/her activity and training.

Abstract: A system for monitoring and directing athletic or other physical activities is disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, a headset worn by an athlete includes one or more sensors, a microprocessor, a non-volatile memory and a communication link. The athlete's headset receives and transmits signals to a coach while the athlete is performing an activity. In this embodiment, the present invention provides coordinated audio streams to the athlete during his/her activity and training. In one implementation, the system coordinates audio for entertainment (such as music), audio expression of real-time performance information (such as count of laps, heart rate, etc.), optional pre-planned activity instructions and interrupt audio such as a coach's advice/instruction, or cell phone messages. In this implementation, the system records the output of the performance sensors for later analysis and allows for real-time display of the data for the coach.

Abstract: A method and system for a long range Radio Frequency (RF)-based identification, tracking and locating of objects. The method and system use a narrow bandwidth ranging signal(s), including VHF of lower frequency bands, which minimizes propagation loss and loss of accuracy of the RF locating signals. The method and system includes narrow bandwidth ranging signal multi-path mitigations processor, which further improves the track-locate accuracy. The signal is sent from a Master Unit(s) to a Tag. The signal traveling time is recorded and the distance between the Master(s) and the Tag is calculated. The method and system allow achieving a longer distance of the RF narrow bandwidth ranging signal penetration and an increased accuracy by using VHF bands in conjunction with the narrow bandwidth ranging signal multi-path mitigations processor. The techniques of Digital Signal Processing and Software-Defined Radio are used. The actual waveforms transmitted and received by the radios are defined by the software.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for discriminating between received ranging signals, such as GPS, GNSS, and radar signals, which arrive via a single path and those which arrive via multiple paths. The number of paths is also estimated. This is accomplished by comparing the residual for an ith order ML estimator of signal time of arrival, where order refers to the number of signal paths for which the estimator is optimal, to a discriminant determined either analytically or empirically and deciding that i distinct signal path components are present in the observation of the signal if for all kth order estimators where k<i, the residual is greater than the discriminant for that order estimator and the residual of the ith order estimator is not greater than the discriminant for that order estimator. The invention is particularly useful in obtaining an appropriate signal model for model-based estimation methods.

Abstract: A method of forming a cross-correlation function R ? ( ? ) = ? N 2 k = N 1 ? r ? ( k ) ? m ? ( k - ? ) , mathematically as an inner product of the samples of a received signal r(t) and a replica of the signal modulation function m(t), with a computational burden reduced by many orders of magnitude in pseudonoise (PN) coded ranging applications is accomplished by a two step process. First, a single weighted sum of the signal samples forms a small dimension vector, of the order of tens of elements. Second, the inner product of this vector and vectors of the same dimension of samples of the signal modulation generating function, delayed by arbitrarily many values of the delay parameter ?, result in fine delay resolution correlation function values. The process comparatively entails a relatively small computational burden, does not compromise fidelity, and makes real-time optimal range estimation practical.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for using an energy emanating device that finds a person (17a,b) object or system based on preselected attributes (33) stored in the energy emanating device (10) are disclosed. Searching Methods are used to compare the attributes (33) of individuals, and a match is determined based upon the correlation of these attributes (33). The matching is accomplished using a variety of algorithms, including a “Distance Formula.” In alternative embodiments, the invention may be used in a search engine.

Abstract: A process is provided for accurate location determination in assisted satellite-based positioning systems in which a base station (server) transmits assisting information to the user's receiver (rover). Signals from at least 5 satellites are used for 3-dimensional positioning. Pseudorange measurements are made in a system of equations having a minimum set of unknowns X,Y,Z, and T. (X,Y,Z) is the 3D rover position in a predefined coordinate system, and T is the time at which simultaneous measurements are made to determine pseudoranges to all satellites. The position of each satellite is a vector-valued function fk (T) of said time T, where fk is determined from satellite ephemeris data or its equivalent, sent to the rover over a communication link, as well as from knowledge of the approximate position of the rover.

Abstract: In signal transmission ranging systems such as GPS, radar, and the like, accuracy of the ranging information most generally is effected by the presence of multiple paths of signal transmission, i.e., multipath. Optimal methods for estimating signal delay are signal model dependent. Signal models are most ambiguous with secondary path signals near the delay of the direct path signal. This invention provides a means of discriminating between received signals in which no secondary path signals are present in the signal observations and where one or more secondary path signals are present in those observations, and the number of such secondary path signals. Means described in the invention to accomplish this discrimination are based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) signal parameter estimation processes; processes which are model dependent. The invention provides the mechanism to identify the model appropriate to the observed signal.

Abstract: A method for mitigating multipath effects in radio systems which is based on searching for and finding a maximum likelihood estimate of range for a received signal is provided. In determining the maximum likelihood estimate, the correlation process uses a high resolution step method in processing the received signal sample values to develop an estimation statistic. The estimation statistic using the correlations of the received signal is based on a new derived representative set of coefficients formed from a nonlinear combination of parameters of the received signal transformed into a linearly solvable invertible parameter set allowing solution of the maximization process of the estimation statistic over a reduced dimension search space. Additionally there is a method of constraining the relative amplitude of received secondary signals to obtain a refinement of the optimal solution of range.

Abstract: This invention involves a method for mitigating multipath effects in radio ranging systems which is based on searching for and finding a maximum likelihood estimate of range for a received signal in a signal ranging system. In determining the maximum likelihood estimate, the correlation process uses a high resolution step method in processing the received signal sample values to develop an estimation statistic. The estimation statistic using the correlations of the received signal is based on a new derived representative set of coefficients formed from a nonlinear combination of parameters of the received signal transformed into an invertible linear combination which allows solution of the maximization process of the estimation statistic. Additionally there is a method of constraining the relative amplitude of received secondary signals to obtain a refinement of the optimal solution of range.