Abstract: The invention relates to recombinant lactobacillus, use of the same and a pharmaceutical composition including the same. The recombinant lactobacillus includes a heterologous nucleic acid sequence. The heterologous nucleic acid sequence encodes at least an immunogenic fragment of the mite allergens Der p 1, Der p 2, or Blo t 5, or an immunogenic homolog thereof. A respective fragment of Der p 1 includes at least 8% of the amino acid sequence of the mite allergen. A method of modulating the immune response to an allergen in a mammal as well as a pharmaceutical composition and a kit are also disclosed.