Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for peritoneal catheter placement are disclosed herein. An example method includes using a puncture device to create an access hole to a patient's peritoneal cavity. The puncture device includes a lumen that enables a guidewire to be inserted into the peritoneal cavity. The puncture device is then replaced with a catheter, which is inserted along the guidewire. A surgical seal is next applied to connect the catheter to adjacent patient muscle tissue. After the guidewire is removed, a tunneling device creates a pathway through fat tissue to anchor the catheter. An end of the tunneling device is aligned with an external piercing device to pierce the patient's skin from the outside, creating a catheter exit hole. An end of the catheter is connected to the tunneling device and pulled through the exit hole, thereby enabling the catheter to be connected to peritoneal dialysis tubing for a treatment.

Abstract: Systems and methods to provide a training solution for a trainee are disclosed. In some embodiments the method comprises receiving a training requirement comprising a training outcome and a training configuration wherein the training configuration defines a trainee state, determining a training environment based on a relevancy function of the training environment to the training outcome, determining a training content based on a relationship function of the training content to the trainee state and determining a training solution comprising the training environment and the training content. In some embodiments, the relationship function comprises a POMDP model and the relevancy function comprises a best fit curve.