Abstract: A stent including a tubular metal frame having at least two ends and interior luminal and exterior non-luminal surfaces. The stent includes at least one fixation ring at each end of the frame non-rigidly connected to the frame by a plurality of fasteners. The fixation ring is a metal ring having a smooth zig-zag pattern and a plurality of spikes located on an exterior surface. The stent may be encapsulated by a smooth polymeric coating, and a textured polymeric coating may be disposed over the exterior non-luminal surface of the encapsulating stent.