Abstract: A solar cell having an electrical modulating stack layer is provided. The solar cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. A first electrical modulating stack layer is disposed on the first electrode, wherein the first electrical modulating stack layer includes at least one positively charged layer and at least one negatively charged layer or the first electrical modulating layer includes a first surface modification layer.

Abstract: An aluminum-ion battery is provided. The aluminum-ion battery includes a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte composition. The negative electrode is separated from the positive electrode by a separator. The electrolyte composition is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The electrolyte composition includes an aluminum halide, a solvent and a compound of Formula (I) wherein R1 is C1-8 alkyl group or C1-8 fluoroalkyl group; and n is 2, 3, 4, or 5. The sum of the aluminum halide and the solvent is 100 parts by weight. The compound of Formula (I) has a weight that is equal to or greater than 0.5 parts by weight and less than 5 parts by weight.

Abstract: A solar cell is provided. The solar cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The solar cell further includes an ionizable charged film disposed on one of the outermost surface of the first electrode and the outermost surface of the second electrode.

Abstract: A solar cell having an electrical modulating stack layer is provided. The solar cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. A first electrical modulating stack layer is disposed on the first electrode, wherein the first electrical modulating stack layer includes at least one positively charged layer and at least one negatively charged layer or the first electrical modulating layer includes a first surface modification layer.

Abstract: A photovoltaic electrochromic device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. According to the method, at least one thin-film solar cell is formed on a transparent substrate, wherein the thin-film solar cell at least includes an anode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a cathode, and a portion of a surface of the anode is exposed from the thin film solar cell. An electrochromic thin film is then deposited on at least one surface of the cathode and the exposed surface of the anode. Thereafter, an electrolyte layer is formed on a surface of the thin-film solar cell to cover the electrochromic thin film. The anode and the cathode of the thin-film solar cell also serve as the anode and the cathode of the photovoltaic electrochromic device.

Abstract: An encapsulant material with enhanced light reflectivity, a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module and a thin film photovoltaic module are provided. The encapsulant material has a porous structure therein, and an average pore diameter of the porous structure is between several hundreds of nanometers and several hundreds of micrometers, so that the light reflectance of the encapsulant material is improved. Moreover, the encapsulant material is crosslinked by a physical or chemical crosslinking method, so heat resistance thereof is improved. Therefore, the encapsulant material is suitable for the crystalline silicon photovoltaic module and the thin film photovoltaic module, so as to increase power conversion efficiency of these modules.

Abstract: A solar cell is provided. The solar cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The solar cell further includes an ionizable charged film disposed on one of the outermost surface of the first electrode and the outermost surface of the second electrode.

Abstract: A tunable photovoltaic electrochromic (PV-EC) device and module are provided. The device includes a transparent substrate, a thin film solar cell on the transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer located on the transparent substrate beside the thin film solar cell, an EC material covering an exposed surface of the transparent conductive layer and the thin film solar cell, a switching apparatus, and a charge-discharge device coupled to the switching apparatus. The transparent conductive layer and a cathode layer of the thin film solar cell respectively serve as the anode and the cathode of the EC material simultaneously. The switching apparatus is electrically connected to the transparent conductive layer and electrically connected to the anode layer and the cathode layer of the thin film solar cell. The switching apparatus enters a control mode through a switch control signal.

Abstract: A printable photovoltaic electrochromic device is provided. The device includes a transparent substrate, at least one thin-film solar cell on the transparent substrate, at least one single polarity electrochromic (EC) thin film, wherein the single polarity electrochromic thin film includes a single polarity electrochromic material and a polyelectrolyte. The thin-film solar cell at least includes an anode layer, a cathode layer, and a photoelectric conversion layer between the anode layer and cathode layer, wherein a portion of the anode layer or a portion of the cathode layer is exposed from the thin-film solar cell. The single polarity electrochromic thin film covers and contacts with both the cathode layer and the anode layer.

Abstract: A multicolor photovoltaic electrochromic apparatus is provided, including a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate opposite to the first transparent substrate, a photovoltaic electrochromic device on the first transparent substrate, and a chromogenic device between the first and the second transparent substrates. The photovoltaic electrochromic device includes thin-film solar cells and an electrochromic material on the thin-film solar cells. The thin-film solar cells have different potential differences, and each of the thin-film solar cells includes an anode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a cathode. The chromogenic device includes two electrodes and a chromogenic material thereon. The cathodes of the thin-film solar cells, which have distinct potential differences, are connected to the first electrode and the second electrode of the chromogenic device respectively.

Abstract: A printable photovoltaic electrochromic device is provided. The device includes a transparent substrate, at least one thin-film solar cell on the transparent substrate, at least one single polarity electrochromic (EC) thin film, wherein the single polarity electrochromic thin film includes a single polarity electrochromic material and a polyelectrolyte. The thin-film solar cell at least includes an anode layer, a cathode layer, and a photoelectric conversion layer between the anode layer and cathode layer, wherein a portion of the anode layer or a portion of the cathode layer is exposed from the thin-film solar cell. The single polarity electrochromic thin film covers and contacts with both the cathode layer and the anode layer.

Abstract: A photovoltaic electrochromic device includes a semi-transparent thin-film solar cell substrate, an electrochromic solution, and a transparent non-conductive substrate, wherein the electrochromic solution is located between the transparent non-conductive substrate and the semi-transparent thin-film solar cell substrate. The semi-transparent thin-film solar cell substrate includes a transparent substrate and a plurality of thin-film solar cells, wherein the anodes and the cathodes of the thin-film solar cells are also used as the anodes and the cathodes of the photovoltaic electrochromic device. Because a driving voltage of the electrochromic solution is low, the thickness of an intrinsic layer in each of the thin-film solar cells can be thinned, which increases the transmittance of the photovoltaic electrochromic device. Besides, the current output of the photovoltaic electrochromic device can be controlled by an additional output switch layout coupled with the thin-film solar cells.

Abstract: A tunable photovoltaic electrochromic (PV-EC) device and module are provided. The device includes a transparent substrate, a thin film solar cell on the transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer located on the transparent substrate beside the thin film solar cell, an EC material covering an exposed surface of the transparent conductive layer and the thin film solar cell, a switching apparatus, and a charge-discharge device coupled to the switching apparatus. The transparent conductive layer and a cathode layer of the thin film solar cell respectively serve as the anode and the cathode of the EC material simultaneously. The switching apparatus is electrically connected to the transparent conductive layer and electrically connected to the anode layer and the cathode layer of the thin film solar cell. The switching apparatus enters a control mode through a switch control signal.

Abstract: A multicolor photovoltaic electrochromic apparatus is provided, including a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate opposite to the first transparent substrate, a photovoltaic electrochromic device on the first transparent substrate, and a chromogenic device between the first and the second transparent substrates. The photovoltaic electrochromic device includes thin-film solar cells and an electrochromic material on the thin-film solar cells. The thin-film solar cells have different potential differences, and each of the thin-film solar cells includes an anode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a cathode. The chromogenic device includes two electrodes and a chromogenic material thereon. The cathodes of the thin-film solar cells, which have distinct potential differences, are connected to the first electrode and the second electrode of the chromogenic device respectively.

Abstract: A photosensitive electrochromic device includes a transparent non-conductive substrate, a thin-film solar cell module and an electrochromic solution. The thin-film solar cell module is a monolithic series-connected module and includes a transparent substrate and a plurality of thin-film solar cells located on the transparent substrate, wherein all the thin-film solar cells in the thin-film solar cell module are connected in series, and the above-mentioned electrochromic solution is located between the transparent non-conductive substrate and the thin-film solar cell module.

Abstract: A photovoltaic electrochromic device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. According to the method, at least one thin-film solar cell is formed on a transparent substrate, wherein the thin-film solar cell at least includes an anode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a cathode, and a portion of a surface of the anode is exposed from the thin film solar cell. An electrochromic thin film is then deposited on at least one surface of the cathode and the exposed surface of the anode. Thereafter, an electrolyte layer is formed on a surface of the thin-film solar cell to cover the electrochromic thin film. The anode and the cathode of the thin-film solar cell also serve as the anode and the cathode of the photovoltaic electrochromic device.

Abstract: A photovoltaic electrochromic device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. According to the method, a plurality of thin-film solar cells are formed on a transparent substrate, wherein each of the thin-film solar cells at least includes an anode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a cathode, and a portion of a surface of the anode is exposed from each of the thin film solar cells. An electrochromic thin film is then deposited on at least one surface of the cathode and the exposed surface of the anode. Thereafter, an electrolyte layer is formed on surfaces of the thin-film solar cells to cover the electrochromic thin films. The anodes and the cathodes of the thin-film solar cells also serve as the anodes and the cathodes of the photovoltaic electrochromic device.

Abstract: A photosensitive electrochromic device includes a transparent non-conductive substrate, a thin-film solar cell module and an electrochromic solution. The thin-film solar cell module is a monolithic series-connected module and includes a transparent substrate and a plurality of thin-film solar cells located on the transparent substrate, wherein all the thin-film solar cells in the thin-film solar cell module are connected in series, and the above-mentioned electrochromic solution is located between the transparent non-conductive substrate and the thin-film solar cell module.

Abstract: An encapsulant material with enhanced light reflectivity, a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module and a thin film photovoltaic module are provided. The encapsulant material has a porous structure therein, and an average pore diameter of the porous structure is between several hundreds of nanometers and several hundreds of micrometers, so that the light reflectance of the encapsulant material is improved. Moreover, the encapsulant material is crosslinked by a physical or chemical crosslinking method, so heat resistance thereof is improved. Therefore, the encapsulant material is suitable for the crystalline silicon photovoltaic module and the thin film photovoltaic module, so as to increase power conversion efficiency of these modules.

Abstract: A photovoltaic electrochromic device includes a semi-transparent thin-film solar cell substrate, an electrochromic solution, and a transparent non-conductive substrate, wherein the electrochromic solution is located between the transparent non-conductive substrate and the semi-transparent thin-film solar cell substrate. The semi-transparent thin-film solar cell substrate includes a transparent substrate and a plurality of thin-film solar cells, wherein the anodes and the cathodes of the thin-film solar cells are also used as the anodes and the cathodes of the photovoltaic electrochromic device. Because a driving voltage of the electrochromic solution is low, the thickness of an intrinsic layer in each of the thin-film solar cells can be thinned, which increases the transmittance of the photovoltaic electrochromic device. Besides, the current output of the photovoltaic electrochromic device can be controlled by an additional output switch layout coupled with the thin-film solar cells.