Abstract: A bulk heterojunction solar cell comprises an electron donor, an electron acceptor, and a multi-substituted fullerene derivative. The electron acceptor further comprises a nano-scale electron acceptor material, and a meso-scale mixture of electron donor/acceptor material. The multi-substituted fullerene derivative further comprises a single fullerene structure and a multi-substituted derivative connected to the single fullerene structure. The multi-substituted fullerene derivative is utilized to prevent the meso-scale mixture of electron donor/acceptor material from large-scale segregation of acceptor over a specific temperature after a specific period (thermally unstable state), thereby maintaining the thermal stability and the sizes of the nano-scale acceptor material and meso-scale mixture of electron donor/acceptor material. In the conventional knowledge, the large-scale segregation and corresponding degradation of power efficiency are cause mainly by the nano-scale acceptor material.

Abstract: A carboxylic polybenzimidazole includes at least one of the following functional group of formula (I): wherein G is a group containing a carboxylic acid end group or a carboxylated end group.

Abstract: A carboxylic polybenzimidazole includes at least one of the following functional group of formula (I): wherein G is a group containing a carboxylic acid end group or a carboxylated end group.

Abstract: A fullerene derivative for electron acceptor is disclosed. Introducing a benzylalkyl group into the fullerene derivative can increase the affinity of the fullerene derivative with electron donors, and introducing an alkyl group into the fullerene derivative can increase the solubility of the fullerene derivative with an organic solvent. In addition, an organic thin-film solar cell and a method of manufacturing the same are further disclosed. An annealing process can be employed to improve the crystallization and to reduce the phase separation state of a photoactive layer that is formed by the fullerene derivative and the electron acceptor. Thereby, the fullerene derivative is facilitated to enhance the solar energy to electricity conversion efficiency of the resultant organic thin-film solar cell.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method by utilizing chemical reaction or specific attractive forces (complexation or hydrogen bonding) for forming self-synthesizing conductive or conjugated polymer film and its application. First of all, at least one photoresist layer with a first functional group and a specific pattern is formed, so that the first functional group can bond a second functional group of a conductive or conjugated polymer unit, whereby a conductive or conjugated polymer film with specific pattern is formed. Furthermore, this invention can be applied for forming emitting films, especially for forming emitting layers of OLED/PLED elements.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method by utilizing chemical reaction or specific attractive forces (complexation or hydrogen bonding) for forming self-synthesizing conductive or conjugated polymer film and its application. First of all, at least one photoresist layer with a first functional group and a specific pattern is formed, so that the first functional group can bond a second functional group of a conductive or conjugated polymer unit, whereby a conductive or conjugated polymer film with specific pattern is formed. Furthermore, this invention can be applied for forming emitting films, especially for forming emitting layers of OLED/PLED elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer including a fullerene core and a plurality of prepolymer units. Each of the prepolymer units is linked to a carbon atom of the core by a moiety independently selected from the group consisting of --O--(C.dbd.O)--NH--, --NH--(C.dbd.O)--NH--, --0--(C.dbd.S)--NH--, and --N--(C.dbd.S)--NH--.