Abstract: An optical waveguide device is disclosed, in which an input section comprises a first waveguide substrate and a first relief grating formed on a surface thereof, and refractive indices n1, n2 of the first relief grating and the first waveguide substrate satisfy n2<n1, such that a first maximum average number of reflections that a light beam within a predetermined FOV range is subjected to on the surface after diffraction of the predetermined order before leaving a region where the first relief grating lies, is N, and N?2, wherein when N?1, N?M?0.25; when 1<N?1.5, N?M?0.5; and when 1.5<N?2, N?M?0.75, wherein M is a second maximum average number of reflections assuming the first waveguide substrate has the same refractive index as the first relief grating.

Abstract: A grating structure, a diffraction optical waveguide, and a display device are disclosed. The grating line of the grating structure has a cross-sectional profile with a narrow top and a wide bottom, wherein the cross-sectional profile comprises six feature points, and the six feature points respectively have coordinates (0, 0), (L2, H2), (L3, H3), (L4, H4), (L5, H5) and (L6, 0) in a cross section, and satisfy following relationships: Hdrop=min(H4,H5)?max(H3,H2)>50 nm; 0.1<(L5?L4)/(L3?L2); L3>0.34T; and 0.05T<L5?L4<0.32T. By controlling the parameters of these feature points, the cross-sectional profile can be adjusted, and thus significantly improving the optical effect (comprising diffraction efficiency and uniformity) that the grating structure can achieve, and at the same time increasing degrees of freedom in grating design and optical effect regulation.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a design method of a coupling-out grating and the design method including: calculating a diffraction coupling-in angle, at which a light beam is diffracted and coupled into the optical waveguide body through the coupling-in grating, according to an angle at which the light beam is incident to the coupling-in grating, a wavelength of the light beam and a grating period of the coupling-in grating; calculating a distance between two adjacent coupling-out positions of the light beam; calculating a brightness difference rate of the light beam after being coupled out multiple times through the coupling-out grating according to the maximum diffraction efficiency of the coupling-out grating; and calculating the number of partitions of the coupling-out grating according to a length of the coupling-out grating, a sensitivity of a human eye to the light beam, the brightness difference rate, and the distance between the two adjacent coupling-out positions.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a design method of a coupling-out grating and the design method including: calculating a diffraction coupling-in angle, at which a light beam is diffracted and coupled into the optical waveguide body through the coupling-in grating, according to an angle at which the light beam is incident to the coupling-in grating, a wavelength of the light beam and a grating period of the coupling-in grating; calculating a distance between two adjacent coupling-out positions of the light beam calculating a brightness difference rate of the light beam after being coupled out multiple times through the coupling-out grating according to the maximum diffraction efficiency of the coupling-out grating; and calculating the number of partitions of the coupling-out grating according to a length of the coupling-out grating, a sensitivity of a human eye to the light beam, the brightness difference rate, and the distance between the two adjacent coupling-out positions.

Abstract: A diffraction optical waveguide, a grating structure, and a display device are disclosed. An arrangement period of a grating line of the grating structure is T and the grating line has a cross-sectional profile with a narrow top and a wide bottom. The cross-sectional profile includes five feature points, which respectively have coordinates (0, 0), (L2, H2), (L3, H3), (L4, H4), (L5, 0), and satisfy: 0.2T?L2<L3<L4?L5?T; L3?0.8T; L3?L2?0.1T; L4?0.8T; 0?H2??; 0.2??H3??; 0.6??H4?1.8?; max(H2, H3)?H4; ?0.6??H3?H2?0.6?, 0.6??H3+H2?1.8?; 0.5?/T?H3/L3?2?/T, where ? is a wavelength. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the cross-sectional profile can be adjusted by controlling parameters of the feature points, the optical effect is improved and degrees of freedom in design and regulation are increased.

Abstract: A method of in situ ultrasonic flow meter validation includes receiving data characterizing first signal diagnostics and data characterizing a first speed of a first acoustic signal through a gas mixture along a first path in a pipe. The first speed of the first acoustic signal is detected by a first channel of an ultrasonic flow meter including a first pair of transducers that are separated by a first path length of the first path. The gas mixture is configured to flow along a flow path in the pipe. The method also includes determining a status associated with the ultrasonic flow meter based on the data characterizing the first signal diagnostics and/or a difference between the first speed of the first acoustic signal and an independently calculated speed of sound. The speed of sound is calculated based on one or more properties of the gas mixture.

Abstract: Online installation systems and methods are provided for online installations of ultrasonic steam measurement devices in steam pipes. In one embodiment, a tool is provided and includes a transducer assembly configured to be coupled to a distal end of an isolation valve installed on a pressurized steam pipe. An ultrasonic transducer can be movably disposed within the transducer assembly, and the ultrasonic transducer can extend through a proximal opening of the transducer assembly and through a distal opening of the transducer assembly. The tool can also include an insertion mechanism configured to be coupled to a distal end of the transducer assembly and having a cylindrical housing at least partially enclosing the ultrasonic transducer. The insertion mechanism can include a linear actuator assembly configured to linearly actuate the ultrasonic transducer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring emissions of a combusted gas are provided. The method includes determining a first net heating value of a flare gas. The method also includes determining a second net heating value of a combustion gas including the flare gas. The second net heating value can be determined based upon the first net heating value and a volumetric flow rate of the flare gas. Based upon the value of the second net heating value, an empirical model or a non-parametric machine learning model can be selected. A combustion efficiency of the combustion gas can be determined using the selected model, the second net heating value, and selected ones of the process conditions and the environmental conditions. Total emissions of the combustion mixture can be further determined from the combustion efficiency and a volumetric flow rate of the combustion gas.

Abstract: Kalman filtering, including a model of system dynamics, is used to identify flash artifact. The Kalman filtering predicts the velocity or powers based on a past sequence of velocity or power. The prediction defines a confidence interval. Any current measures surpassing the confidence interval are identified as flash artifact and suppressed.

Abstract: An injection stimulation agent for water injection well and the preparation method and application thereof are described. The raw material composition of the injection stimulation agent for water injection well comprises: 5.0%-10.0% of sulfamic acid, 10.0%-20.0% of methanol, 10.0%-20.0% of tartaric acid, 10.0%-20.0% of ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphoric acid, 5.0%-10.0% of sodium polyacrylate, 5.0%-8.0% of cocoyl hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid and the balance of water. Embodiments include a preparation method of the above injection stimulation agent. The injection stimulation agent for water injection well can be used in acidizing treatment process of the reservoir, and can be used directly. The injection stimulation agent can play the role of shrinking swelled clay at the same time of dissolving scale, and finally achieve the purpose of depressurization and enhanced production.

Abstract: On-line diverting acids for continuous injection into water injection wells and methods of preparing the diverting acid are disclosed. The on-line diverting acids have a raw material composition of: 5.0-25.0% of hydrochloric acid, 3.0%-6.0% of ammonium fluoride, 4.0%-8.0% of a diverting agent, 3.0%-7.0% of a chelating agent, 1.0-3.0% of a corrosion inhibitor, 1.0-3.0% of an anti-swelling/swelled-clay-shrinking agent and a balance of water. The on-line diverting acids can remove plugging from deep zones of high and low permeability layers, and can be continuously injected to simplify the construction process, to achieve the purpose of reducing the pressure and stimulating the injection.

Abstract: A system for flare combustion control includes a sound speed measurement device for measuring sound speed in a flare vent gas, and a flare combustion controller including a memory and a processor. The processor is configured to receive the measured sound speed and determine, based on the measured sound speed, a molecular weight of the flare vent gas. The processor is further configured to determine, based on the determined molecular weight, a net heating value of the flare vent gas, and adjust the net heating value of the flare vent gas by regulating an amount of a supplemental fuel gas in the flare vent gas.

Abstract: The invention provides a LED luminaire comprising a frame shape formed of straight arms (12, 20) which each carry an LED arrangement (18, 26), and connections (30) which provide mechanical connection between the support arms (12, 20) and electrical connection between the LED arrangements (18, 26) of those arms (12, 20). The frame shape has a central opening (25) which assists cooling by convection and it can be manufactured using a low cost extrusion process.

Abstract: A chelating agent may be used for reservoir acidification and stimulating injection. The raw material composition of the chelating agent comprises: 10.0%-20.0% of methanesulfonic acid, 10.0%-20.0% of methanol, 10.0%-20.0% of polyaspartic acid, 10.0%-15.0% of epoxy succinic acid, 5.0%-10.0% of sodium cetyl sulfonate, 10.0%-15.0% of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and the balance of water. The present disclosure also provides a preparation method of the above chelating agent. The chelating agent for reservoir acidification and stimulating injection may be used in an acidizing and stimulating injection process, wherein it can effectively dissolve rock cracks, be used directly without need to be reversed.

Abstract: A lighting system has a set of linear lighting elements and a set of suspension elements. Each suspension element comprises an upper fixing part and a lower connection part facing downwardly for making electrical and mechanical connection to an upward facing connector on a top face of an end of a linear lighting element. This enables a simple a push fit connection of the lighting elements to the suspension elements, after they have been suspended from a support structure above them.

Abstract: Kalman filtering, including a model of system dynamics, is used to identify flash artifact. The Kalman filtering predicts the velocity or powers based on a past sequence of velocity or power. The prediction defines a confidence interval. Any current measures surpassing the confidence interval are identified as flash artifact and suppressed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a pressure-reducing and injection-enhancing anti-scaling agent for low-permeability water-injection wells and a preparation method thereof. The anti-scaling agent is prepared from starting materials comprising: 10 to 12 parts of non-ionic surfactant(s), 18 to 20 parts of hexasodium triethylenetetramine-N,N,N?,N?,N??,N??-hexaacetate, 5 to 8 parts of anionic surfactant(s), 6 to 8 parts of an organic phosphonic acid-carboxylic acid scale inhibitor, 2 to 5 parts of a dispersant, 15 to 18 parts of a diluent, 8 to 10 parts of an organic amine salt, and 30 to 36 parts of water. The pressure-reducing and injection-enhancing agent according to the present disclosure is characterized by having multiple functions in one agent. When used in an amount being 0.5% of the water injected to a water injection well, it shows excellent anti-swelling property, shrinking property, anti-corrosive property, and calcium sulfate and barium (strontium) sulfate scale resistance.

Abstract: A system for flare combustion control includes a sound speed measurement device for measuring sound speed in a flare vent gas, and a flare combustion controller including a memory and a processor. The processor is configured to receive the measured sound speed and determine, based on the measured sound speed, a molecular weight of the flare vent gas. The processor is further configured to determine, based on the determined molecular weight, a net heating value of the flare vent gas, and adjust the net heating value of the flare vent gas by regulating an amount of a supplemental fuel gas in the flare vent gas.

Abstract: A lighting system has a set of linear lighting elements and a set of suspension elements. Each suspension element comprises an upper fixing part and a lower connection part facing downwardly for making electrical and mechanical connection to an upward facing connector on a top face of an end of a linear lighting element. This enables a simple a push fit connection of the lighting elements to the suspension elements, after they have been suspended from a support structure above them.

Abstract: A luminaire (100) comprises an elongate support member (101) which carries at least one light source (102). The elongate support member extends lengthways between opposing end portions. Spacer elements (103) respectively extend from the opposing end portions and support a reflector canopy (104) which extends over the elongate support member. The at least one light source faces the reflector canopy. The reflector canopy is foldable in a direction normal to the lengthways extension of the elongate support member and/or is foldable in the lengthways direction together with the support member. Further provided is a modular ceiling comprising at least one said luminaire.