Abstract: In an embodiment there is provided a method for simultaneous dual-sided direct imprinting of surface relief structures on a substrate, the method utilising an imprinting arrangement comprising first and second rotatable cylinders, each rotatable cylinder being arranged to carry at least one mould having a surface relief structure, at least one rotatable cylinder comprising a resilient layer located between a cylindrical outer surface of the respective rotatable cylinder and the respective mould, and the rotatable cylinders being movable with respect to one another and arranged to form an imprinting nip therebetween, the imprinting nip having an imprinting contact area, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) providing to the imprinting nip a substrate comprising first and second sides each having a curable medium thereon; b) directly imprinting surface relief structures into the curable medium on both the first and second sides of the substrate by passing the substrate through the imprinting nip and eng

Abstract: A method of forming a metallic structure on an optical element including a surface relief structure is disclosed. The method includes: forming a metallic structure on the optical element by applying a metal containing ink to the surface relief structure. The metal-containing ink includes an organic solvent and a metal-containing component. The metal-containing component is a homogeneously soluble metal salt, a metal complex or any combinations thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a method of forming a metallic structure on an optical element comprising a surface relief structure, the method comprising: applying a metal-containing ink to said surface relief structure to form said metallic structure, wherein the metal-containing ink comprises one or more organic solvents and one or more of: a homogeneously soluble metal salt; a metal complex; or metallic nanoparticles having a size of less than 50 nm.