Patents by Inventor Leighton Read

Leighton Read has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

  • Apparatus for polymer synthesis
    Publication number: 20030064391
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 20, 2002
    Publication date: April 3, 2003
    Applicant: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
  • Nucleic acid reading and analysis system
    Publication number: 20030013100
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 15, 2002
    Publication date: January 16, 2003
    Applicant: Affymetrix, INC.
    Inventors: Stephen P.A. Fodor, J. Leighton Read, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung
  • Very large scale immobilized polymer synthesis
    Patent number: 6506558
    Abstract: A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protecting groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 29, 1995
    Date of Patent: January 14, 2003
    Assignee: Affymetrix Inc.
    Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Paul D. Hoeprich, Jr.
  • Apparatus for polymer synthesis
    Publication number: 20020192693
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 15, 2002
    Publication date: December 19, 2002
    Applicant: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P.A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
  • Very large scale immobilized polymer synthesis
    Publication number: 20020155588
    Abstract: A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protective groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 5, 2001
    Publication date: October 24, 2002
    Applicant: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Stephen P.A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read
  • Apparatus comprising polymers
    Publication number: 20020137096
    Abstract: A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protecting groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 14, 2001
    Publication date: September 26, 2002
    Applicant: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Stephen P.A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Paul D. Hoeprich
  • Apparatus for forming polynucleotides or polypeptides
    Patent number: 6420169
    Abstract: A method for synthesizing oligonucleotides on a solid substrate. The method provides for the irradiation of a first predefined region of the substrate without irradiation of a second predefined region of the substrate. The irradiation step removes a protecting group therefrom. The substrate is contacted with a first nucleotide to couple the nucleotide to the substrate in the first predefined region. By repeating these steps, an array of diverse oligonucleotides is formed on the substrate.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 30, 1994
    Date of Patent: July 16, 2002
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: J. Leighton Read, Stephen P.A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung, Paul D. Hoeprich, Jr.
  • Photolithographic and other means for manufacturing arrays
    Patent number: 6416952
    Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for sequencing, fingerprinting and mapping biological macromolecules, typically biological polymers. The methods make use of a plurality of sequence specific recognition reagents which can also be used for classification of biological samples, and to characterize their sources.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 1, 2000
    Date of Patent: July 9, 2002
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, Lubert Stryer, Stephen P. A. Fodor, J. Leighton Read
  • Very large scale immobilized polymer synthesis
    Patent number: 6406844
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 1, 1995
    Date of Patent: June 18, 2002
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
  • Support bound probes and methods of analysis using the same
    Patent number: 6403320
    Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for sequencing, fingerprinting and mapping biological macromolecules, typically biological polymers. The methods make use of a plurality of sequence specific recognition reagents which can also be used for classification of biological samples, and to characterize their sources.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 5, 2000
    Date of Patent: June 11, 2002
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung
  • Nucleic acid reading and analysis system
    Patent number: 6403957
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group; is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 16, 2000
    Date of Patent: June 11, 2002
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, J. Leighton Read, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung
  • Very large scale immobilized polymer synthesis
    Publication number: 20020064796
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 6, 2001
    Publication date: May 30, 2002
    Applicant: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor
  • Photolithographic and other means for manufacturing arrays
    Patent number: 6379895
    Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for sequencing, fingerprinting and mapping biological macromolecules, typically biological polymers. The methods make use of a plurality of sequence specific recognition reagents which can also be used for classification of biological samples, and to characterize their sources.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 1, 2000
    Date of Patent: April 30, 2002
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, J. Leighton Read, Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung
  • Polymer arrays
    Patent number: 6346413
    Abstract: A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protective groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 17, 1999
    Date of Patent: February 12, 2002
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, J. Leighton Read, Michael C. Pirrung
  • Very large scale immobilized polymer synthesis
    Patent number: 6329143
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 4, 1998
    Date of Patent: December 11, 2001
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Lubert Stryer, Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor
  • Nucleotides and analogs having photoremoveable protecting groups
    Patent number: 6310189
    Abstract: A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protective groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 25, 2000
    Date of Patent: October 30, 2001
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, J. Leighton Read, Michael C. Pirrung
  • Very large scale immobilized polymer synthesis
    Patent number: 6291183
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 17, 1999
    Date of Patent: September 18, 2001
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
  • Nucleic acid arrays
    Patent number: 6261776
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 15, 1999
    Date of Patent: July 17, 2001
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
  • Signal detection methods and apparatus
    Patent number: 6225625
    Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparation of a substrate containing a plurality of sequences. Photoremovable groups are attached to a surface of a substrate. Selected regions of the substrate are exposed to light so as to activate the selected areas. A monomer, also containing a photoremovable group, is provided to the substrate to bind at the selected areas. The process is repeated using a variety of monomers such as amino acids until sequences of a desired length are obtained. Detection methods and apparatus are also disclosed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 1, 1995
    Date of Patent: May 1, 2001
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael C. Pirrung, J. Leighton Read, Stephen P. A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer
  • Arrays of materials attached to a substrate
    Patent number: 5744305
    Abstract: A synthetic strategy for the creation of large scale chemical diversity. Solid-phase chemistry, photolabile protecting groups, and photolithography are used to achieve light-directed spatially-addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Binary masking techniques are utilized in one embodiment. A reactor system, photoremovable protective groups, and improved data collection and handling techniques are also disclosed. A technique for screening linker molecules is also provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 6, 1995
    Date of Patent: April 28, 1998
    Assignee: Affymetrix, Inc.
    Inventors: Stephen P.A. Fodor, Lubert Stryer, J. Leighton Read, Michael C. Pirrung