Abstract: Challenges of the sweat medium for electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor (“EAB sensor”) devices can be mitigated through aptamer selection, sensor/device configuration and physiological algorithms that account for the effects of (1) target analyte size, (2) potential concentration ranges, (3) sweat sample pH, and (4) sweat sample salinity. The disclosed invention includes a method of aptamer selection for use in an EAB sensor configured for use in a wearable sweat sensing device. The disclosed invention further provides a sweat sensing device configured to use EAB sensors to detect target analytes in a sweat sample.

Abstract: Electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) biosensing devices are described that provide drift correction and calibration to EAB sensor measurements of biofluid analyte concentrations by disclosing reference sensors that are configured to not interact with a target analyte, but otherwise mirror the performance of active EAB sensors within the expected application parameters of the device. Such reference sensors are configured to allow comparisons with their companion active sensors to track aptamer sensing element dissociation from an electrode surface, temperature-induced effects, redox moiety dissociation, and/or the effects of surface fouling. Some embodiments include separate electrodes for active and reference aptamer sensing elements. Other embodiments include a single electrode for both active and reference aptamer sensing elements. Single electrode embodiments include two or more distinct redox moieties.

Abstract: The present invention provides self-assembled monolayers (SAM) configured for use with electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors, which allow sensing devices to detect very low concentrations of target analytes in a biofluid sample. Embodiments of the disclosed invention include SAMs with improved long-term stability in sweat through persistent thiolate bonds between the sensor electrode and disclosed blocker groups, or between the sensor electrode and aptamer sensing elements via disclosed binder molecules. Embodiments of the invention also include blocker groups configured to form densely packed and persistent SAMs on sensor electrodes.