Abstract: A method for measuring distorted illumination patterns and correcting image artifacts in structured illumination microscopy. The method includes the steps of generating an illumination pattern by interfering multiple beams, modulating a scanning speed or an intensity of a scanning laser, or projecting a mask onto an object; taking multiple exposures of the object with the illumination pattern shifting in phase; and applying Fourier transform to the multiple exposures to produce multiple raw images. Thereafter, the multiple raw images are used to form and then solve a linear equation set to obtain multiple portions of a Fourier space image of the object. A circular 2-D low pass filter and a Fourier Transform are then applied to the portions. A pattern distortion phase map is calculated and then corrected by making a coefficient matrix of the linear equation set varying in phase, which is solved in the spatial domain.

Abstract: A method for measuring distorted illumination patterns and correcting image artifacts in structured illumination microscopy. The method includes the steps of generating an illumination pattern by interfering multiple beams, modulating a scanning speed or an intensity of a scanning laser, or projecting a mask onto an object; taking multiple exposures of the object with the illumination pattern shifting in phase; and applying Fourier transform to the multiple exposures to produce multiple raw images. Thereafter, the multiple raw images are used to form and then solve a linear equation set to obtain multiple portions of a Fourier space image of the object. A circular 2-D low pass filter and a Fourier Transform are then applied to the portions. A pattern distortion phase map is calculated and then corrected by making a coefficient matrix of the linear equation set varying in phase, which is solved in the spatial domain.

Abstract: A microscopic technique for generating high-clarity, large volume 3D images of fluorescent tissue structure at subcellular resolution and capture transient activities. The technique includes capturing two orthogonal 2D projection of the sample volume by performing a projection scan with an excitation laser sweeping through the volume at up to 100 vps, tracking the scan depth using an electrically tuned lens to keep the emission image in focus and generate an xy plane volume projection image at the camera; and placing a PMT behind the excitation lens to collect emission passed through the excitation lens, wherein signals from the PMT form a focus scan projection at the yz plane; and then merging the xy and yz projections.

Abstract: A superresolution STED-NSIM apparatus having an epifluorescence architecture utilizing a 2D structured STED pattern having a N.A. less than a N.A. of the microscope objective and no surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects. A superresolution STED-NSIM imaging method using a fully deterministic imaging processing method, in which a pre-calibrated set of parameters are used to process all image data.

Abstract: A superresolution STED-NSIM apparatus having an epifluorescence architecture utilizing a 2D structured STED pattern having a N.A. less than a N.A. of the microscope objective and no surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effects. A superresolution STED-NSIM imaging method using a fully deterministic imaging processing method, in which a pre-calibrated set of parameters are used to process all image data.

Abstract: A fast fluorescence lifetime microscopic system images FRET between multiple labels in live cells and deep tissue, using a quantitative analysis method to reconstruct the molecular machinery behind the multiplexed FRET phenomenon. The system measures fluorescence lifetime, intensity and anisotropy as images of excitation-emission matrices (EEM) in real time and high speed within a single image scan, performs high-resolution deep-penetrating 3D FRET imaging in live samples, and fully analyzes all possible photon pathways of multiplexed FRET. The system provides a way for systematic and dynamic imaging of biochemical networks in cells, tissue and live animals, which will help to understand mechanisms of genetic disorders, cancers, and more.

Abstract: A fast fluorescence lifetime microscopic system images FRET between multiple labels in live cells and deep tissue, using a quantitative analysis method to reconstruct the molecular machinery behind the multiplexed FRET phenomenon. The system measures fluorescence lifetime, intensity and anisotropy as images of excitation-emission matrices (EEM) in real time and high speed within a single image scan, performs high-resolution deep-penetrating 3D FRET imaging in live samples, and fully analyzes all possible photon pathways of multiplexed FRET. The system provides a way for systematic and dynamic imaging of biochemical networks in cells, tissue and live animals, which will help to understand mechanisms of genetic disorders, cancers, and more.

Abstract: A method of probing a plurality of analyzer molecules distributed about a detection platform is disclosed. The method includes contacting a test sample to the plurality of analyzer molecules, scanning the plurality of analyzer molecules at a rate relating to a carrier frequency signal, and detecting the presence or absence of a biological molecule based at least in part upon the presence or absence of a signal substantially at a sideband of the carrier frequency signal. A molecule detection platform including a substrate and a plurality of targets positioned about the substrate is also disclosed. Specific analyzer molecules adapted to bind a specific analyte are immobilized about a first set of the targets. Nonspecific analyzer molecules are immobilized about a second set of the targets. The targets positioned about the substrate along at least a segment of a scanning pathway alternate between at least one of the first set and at least one of the second set.

Abstract: A planar array having plurality of biological recognition molecules including at least two types of biological recognition molecules distributed about a substrate is disclosed. A first type of biological recognition molecules is distributed according to a first frequency and a second type of biological recognition molecules is distributed according to a second frequency. Another planar array having a plurality of biological recognition molecules including at least two kinds of biological recognition molecules is disclosed. The recognition molecules are distributed about a substrate with first kind of biological recognition molecules distributed at a first height or depth relative to a surface of the substrate and a second kind of biological recognition molecules distributed at a second height or depth relative to the surface.

Abstract: A phase contrast quadrature interferometric method and apparatus for determining the presence or absence of a target analyte in a sample. The method includes probing a substrate exposed to the sample with a laser beam. The substrate includes a reflecting surface with a first region having recognition molecules specific to the target analyte and a second region without recognition molecules. The method also includes probing the first and second region, and measuring time dependent intensity on a photodetector at one or both of a pair of quadrature angles of a reflected diffraction signal. The apparatus includes a laser source, a platform for receiving the planar array, an objective lens offset from the platform by approximately a focal length, and a split photodetector means for measuring a first quadrature and a second quadrature in a signal resulting from reflection of the laser beam.

Abstract: A method of probing a plurality of analyzer molecules distributed about a detection platform is disclosed. The method includes contacting a test sample to the plurality of analyzer molecules, scanning the plurality of analyzer molecules at a rate relating to a carrier frequency signal, and detecting the presence or absence of a biological molecule based at least in part upon the presence or absence of a signal substantially at a sideband of the carrier frequency signal. A molecule detection platform including a substrate and a plurality of targets positioned about the substrate is also disclosed. Specific analyzer molecules adapted to bind a specific analyte are immobilized about a first set of the targets. Nonspecific analyzer molecules are immobilized about a second set of the targets. The targets positioned about the substrate along at least a segment of a scanning pathway alternate between at least one of the first set and at least one of the second set.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of arrangements and methods providing information associated with a sample are described. For example, using such exemplary arrangements and methods, it is possible to receive an unpartitioned electro-magnetic radiation from the sample. Further, first data associated with first luminescent characteristics of at least one first molecule of the sample and second data associated with second luminescent characteristics of at least one second molecule of the sample can be obtained based on the unpartitioned electro-magnetic radiation. At least two of the photo-luminescent properties of the sample may be measured simultaneously as a function of the first and second data. Further, the information regarding the molecules of the sample may be determined as a function of the photo-luminescent properties.

Abstract: A device for identifying analytes in a biological sample, including a substrate configured to bind the analyte and a detection system to determine the presence or absence of the analyte in the biological sample.

Abstract: Exemplary systems and methods for obtaining information associated with at least one portion of a sample can be provided. For example, a first radiation can be received and at least one second radiation and at least one third radiation can be provided as a function of the first radiation. Respective intensities of the second and third radiations can be modulated, whereas the second and third radiations may have different modulation frequencies, and the modulated second and third radiations can be directed toward the portion. The photoluminescence radiation can be received from the portion based on the modulated second and third radiations to generate a resultant signal. The signal can be processed to obtain the information which is/are photoluminescence lifetime characteristics and/or a polarization anisotropy of the portion. According to another exemplary embodiment, the photoluminescence radiation can be received and the photoluminescence radiation may be based on wavelengths thereof.

Abstract: A method of probing a plurality of analyzer molecules distributed about a detection platform is disclosed. The method includes contacting a test sample to the plurality of analyzer molecules, scanning the plurality of analyzer molecules at a rate relating to a carrier frequency signal, and detecting the presence or absence of a biological molecule based at least in part upon the presence or absence of a signal substantially at a sideband of the carrier frequency signal. A molecule detection platform including a substrate and a plurality of targets positioned about the substrate is also disclosed. Specific analyzer molecules adapted to bind a specific analyte are immobilized about a first set of the targets. Nonspecific analyzer molecules are immobilized about a second set of the targets. The targets positioned about the substrate along at least a segment of a scanning pathway alternate between at least one of the first set and at least one of the second set.

Abstract: A phase contrast quadrature interferometric method for determining the presence or absence of a target analyte in a sample. The method comprises using a laser beam having a wavelength ? and a waist wo to probe at least a portion of a substrate having a reflecting surface that has been exposed to the sample. The reflecting surface includes at least a first region having a layer of recognition molecules specific to the target analyte and a second region that does not include a layer of recognition molecules specific to the target analyte. The method further comprises measuring a time dependent intensity on a photodetector of a substantially only first quadrature at one of a pair of quadrature angles ?q of a reflected diffraction signal of the probe beam while probing the first region and the second region. An apparatus for phase-contrast quadrature interferometric detection of the presence or absence of a target molecule on a planar array, comprises a laser source for generating a probe beam.

Abstract: A planar array having plurality of biological recognition molecules including at least two types of biological recognition molecules distributed about a substrate is disclosed. A first type of biological recognition molecules is distributed according to a first frequency and a second type of biological recognition molecules is distributed according to a second frequency. Another planar array having a plurality of biological recognition molecules including at least two kinds of biological recognition molecules is disclosed. The recognition molecules are distributed about a substrate with first kind of biological recognition molecules distributed at a first height or depth relative to a surface of the substrate and a second kind of biological recognition molecules distributed at a second height or depth relative to the surface.

Abstract: A device for identifying analytes in a biological sample, including a substrate configured to bind the analyte and a detection system to determine the presence or absence of the analyte in the biological sample.

Abstract: A device for identifying analytes in a biological sample, including a substrate configured to bind the analyte and a detection system to determine the presence or absence of the analyte in the biological sample.