Abstract: An optical fiber including a light guiding inner core. The light guiding inner core includes a first light guiding segment and a second light guiding segment connected to the first light guiding segment. The first light guiding segment includes, from the inside out, a light absorbing layer, an inner electrode layer, an insulating layer, a void layer, a proton exchange membrane, and an outer electrode layer. The void layer is formed between the insulating layer and the proton exchange membrane. The light absorbing layer is a photovoltaic material layer. The inner electrode layer communicates with the proton exchange membrane via a plurality of microelectrodes across the insulating layer and the void layer. The plurality of microelectrodes is evenly disposed around the inner electrode layer. The outer electrode layer is a porous conductive structure. The second light guiding segment of the light guiding inner core includes a conductive layer.

Abstract: A method for preparing nano silica and nano calcium carbonate using rice hull ash and flue gas. The method includes: 1) adding rice hull ash to a sodium hydroxide solution, to yield a first mixed solution; stirring and heating the first mixed solution; then filtering the first mixed solution to yield a first filtrate; 2) adding the first filtrate to a reaction still, and diluting the first filtrate; adding polyethylene glycol as a dispersant to the reaction solution; introducing flue gas to the reaction solution; filtering the reaction mixture to yield a first filter cake and a second filtrate; washing the first filter cake to a neural pH, slurrying and drying the first filter cake to yield nano silica; and 3) mixing the second filtrate and a washing solution collected from 2); adding a calcium hydroxide solution to the reaction still, to yield nano calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A method for removal of metal ions from rice hulls. The method includes: 1) providing a water storage reactor, and disposing a gas dispersion device at the bottom of the water storage reactor; 2) bagging rice hulls, placing it in the water storage reactor, and pressing down on the bagged rice hulls to be lower than a water surface in the water storage reactor; 3) spraying industrial flue gas into the water storage reactor; controlling the amount of the industrial flue gas such that about 1 g of carbon dioxide is dissolved per 100 g of water, thus generating a carbonic acid solution; 4) allowing the carbonic acid solution to react with metal ions in the rice hulls to yield a precipitate; and 5) washing the rice hulls collected in step 4), washing again with desalinated water, and then squeezing the rice hulls.

Abstract: A device for speeding up production rate of biomass pyrolysis gas to prepare nanoscale silica materials. The device includes: a screw feeder; a mixer; a pyrolysis device having a cinder hole; a combustion train; a steam generator; and a calcination device. In operation, biomass material is transported to the mixer via the screw feeder. The mixer operates to stir the biomass material, then the biomass material and overheated steam generated by the steam generator are mixed and introduced to the pyrolysis device. The pyrolysis device operates to produce combustible gas, and the combustible gas is combusted in the combustion train. The combustion train produces hot smoke, and the hot smoke heats the steam generator to produce the overheated steam. The cinder hole is disposed at a bottom of the pyrolysis device and operates to discharge cinder, and the cinder is transported to the calcination device to calcine.

Abstract: A catalyst for methanation of carbon dioxide, a method of preparing the catalyst, and a method of hydrogenating carbon dioxide in the presence of the catalyst in a fixed bed reactor are disclosed. The catalyst is formed by mixing ash from a biomass power plant with a nickel compound and calcining the resulting mixture. The catalyst formed by calcination includes between 2 and 20 wt. % of nickel supported on ash from combusting biomass.

Abstract: A catalyst for methanation of carbon dioxide, a method of preparing the catalyst, and a method of hydrogenating carbon dioxide in the presence of the catalyst in a fixed bed reactor are disclosed. The catalyst is formed by mixing ash from a biomass power plant with a nickel compound and calcining the resulting mixture. The catalyst formed by calcination includes between 2 and 20 wt. % of nickel supported on ash from combusting biomass.

Abstract: A method for preparing nano silica and nano calcium carbonate using rice hull ash and flue gas. The method includes: 1) adding rice hull ash to a sodium hydroxide solution, to yield a first mixed solution; stirring and heating the first mixed solution; then filtering the first mixed solution to yield a first filtrate; 2) adding the first filtrate to a reaction still, and diluting the first filtrate; adding polyethylene glycol as a dispersant to the reaction solution; introducing flue gas to the reaction solution; filtering the reaction mixture to yield a first filter cake and a second filtrate; washing the first filter cake to a neural pH, slurrying and drying the first filter cake to yield nano silica; and 3) mixing the second filtrate and a washing solution collected from 2); adding a calcium hydroxide solution to the reaction still, to yield nano calcium carbonate.

Abstract: A catalyst for methanation of carbon dioxide. The catalyst is formed by mixing ash from a biomass power plant with a nickel compound and calcining the resulting mixture. The catalyst formed by calcination includes between 2 and 20 wt. % of nickel.

Abstract: A cobalt-based nano catalyst including a metal combination as a core and a porous material as a shell. The metal combination includes a first metal component Co, a second metal component selected from Ce, La, and Zr, and a third metal component selected from Pt, Ru, Rh, and Re. The catalyst includes between 10 and 35 wt. % of the first metal component, between 0.5 and 10 wt. % of the second metal component, between 0.02 and 2 wt. % of the third metal component, and a carrier. The carrier is a porous material such as nano silica or alumina. The carrier is in the shape of a spheroid, has a pore size of between 1 and 20 nm and a specific area of between 300 and 500 m2/g. The active component of the catalyst has a particle size of between 0.5 and 20 nm.

Abstract: A high capacity polymer hydrogen storage material, including a linear high molecular polymer as a main chain. At least one side chain or a terminal group of the linear high molecular polymer is first aminated using a polyamine compound and then reacts with a borohydride to yield an ammonia borane derivative grafted to the side chain or the terminal group of the linear high molecular polymer.

Abstract: A method for preparing surface-modified nano silicon dioxide from rice hulls. The method includes: 1) pretreating rice hulls using a treating gas containing CO2 to remove metal ions, impurities, and dusts, and desiccating and grinding the rice hulls; 2) submerging the rice hulls into a dilute solution of phosphoric acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, or a strong-acid-weak-base salt for between 4 and 8 hrs, controlling the immersion temperature not to exceed 10° C., leaching a resulting mixture, removing a filtrate, and desiccating the rice hulls; and 3) calcining the rice hulls in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of between 300 and 450° C.

Abstract: A high capacity polymer hydrogen storage material, including a linear high molecular polymer as a main chain. At least one side chain or a terminal group of the linear high molecular polymer is first aminated using a polyamine compound and then reacts with a borohydride to yield an ammonia borane derivative grafted to the side chain or the terminal group of the linear high molecular polymer.

Abstract: A liquid catalyst for methanation of carbon dioxide, including an amphiphilic ionic liquid and a metal active component dispersed in the amphiphilic ionic liquid. The metal active component is dispersed in the amphiphilic ionic liquid in the form of stable colloid. The colloid is spherical and has a particle size of between 0.5 and 20 nm. The metal active component includes a first metal active component and a second metal active component. The first metal active component includes nickel. The second metal active component is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, molybdenum, ruthenium, ytterbium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, potassium, magnesium, or a mixture thereof. The molar ratio of the first metal active component to the second metal active component is between 10:0.1 and 10:2.

Abstract: A method for preparing surface-modified nano silicon dioxide from rice hulls. The method includes: 1) pretreating rice hulls using a treating gas containing CO2 to remove metal ions, impurities, and dusts, and desiccating and grinding the rice hulls; 2) submerging the rice hulls into a dilute solution of phosphoric acid, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, or a strong-acid-weak-base salt for between 4 and 8 hrs, controlling the immersion temperature not to exceed 10° C., leaching a resulting mixture, removing a filtrate, and desiccating the rice hulls; and 3) calcining the rice hulls in the absence of oxygen at a temperature of between 300 and 450° C.

Abstract: A method for removal of metal ions from rice hull. The method includes: 1) providing a water storage reactor, and disposing a gas dispersion device at the bottom of the water storage reactor; 2) bagging rice hull, placing it in the water storage reactor, and pressing down on the bagged rice hull to be lower than a water surface in the water storage reactor; 3) spraying industrial flue gas into the water storage reactor; controlling the amount of the industrial flue gas such that the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in per 100 g of water is about 1 g, whereby generating a carbonic acid solution; 4) allowing the carbonic acid solution to react with metal ions in the rice hull to yield a precipitate; and 5) washing the rice hull collected in step 4), washing again with desalinated water, and then squeezing the rice hull.

Abstract: A cobalt-based nano catalyst including a metal combination as a core and a porous material as a shell. The metal combination includes a first metal component Co, a second metal component selected from Ce, La, and Zr, and a third metal component selected from Pt, Ru, Rh, and Re. The catalyst includes between 10 and 35 wt. % of the first metal component, between 0.5 and 10 wt. % of the second metal component, between 0.02 and 2 wt. % of the third metal component, and a carrier. The carrier is a porous material such as nano silica or alumina. The carrier is in the shape of a spheroid, has a pore size of between 1 and 20 nm and a specific area of between 300 and 500 m2/g. The active component of the catalyst has a particle size of between 0.5 and 20 nm.

Abstract: A catalyst for methanation of carbon dioxide. The catalyst is formed by mixing ash from a biomass power plant with a nickel compound and calcining the resulting mixture. The catalyst formed by calcination includes between 2 and 20 wt. % of nickel.