Abstract: A catalyst structure includes: (1) a substrate; (2) a catalyst layer on the substrate; and (3) an adhesion layer disposed between the substrate and the catalyst layer. In some implementations, an average thickness of the adhesion layer is about 1 nm or less. In some implementations, a material of the catalyst layer at least partially extends into a region of the adhesion layer. In some implementations, the catalyst layer is characterized by a lattice strain imparted by the adhesion layer.

Abstract: A catalyst structure includes: (1) a substrate; (2) a catalyst layer on the substrate; and (3) an adhesion layer disposed between the substrate and the catalyst layer. In some implementations, an average thickness of the adhesion layer is about 1 nm or less. In some implementations, a material of the catalyst layer at least partially extends into a region of the adhesion layer. In some implementations, the catalyst layer is characterized by a lattice strain imparted by the adhesion layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing a copolymer, a copolymer prepared by the process, a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, and the use of the sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture for production of motor vehicle tires. In one embodiment, the monomer has the formula: A-S-P, wherein A is a chemical group containing at least one aliphatic double bond, S is a sulfur atom, and P is a protecting group.

Abstract: Suggested is a method for identifying fragrance compounds with low environmental impact and high degree of sustainability encompassing the following steps: (a) providing a fragrance compound or a fragrance composition of interest; (b) calculating scores for each of the following parameters (b1) biodegradability; (b2) biodiversity; (b3) carbon dioxide impact; (b4) process safety with regard to ecological toxicity; (b5) process safety with regard to human toxicity; (b6) land use; (b7) renewability; (b8) traceability; (b9) waste generation; and (b10) water consumption and/or pollution, (c) summing up all scores and calculate the average product sustainability score (PSC); and (d) proceed with those candidates showing a PSC of at least 70.

Abstract: Disclosed are monomers for copolymerization with alkenes, dienes, vinyl compounds, and/or vinylidene compounds, a process for preparing a copolymer, a copolymer prepared by the process, a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, and the use of the sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture for production of motor vehicle tires. In one embodiment, the monomer has the formula A-S—P, wherein A is a chemical group containing at least one C?C aliphatic double bond, S is a sulfur atom, and P is a protecting group.

Abstract: Suggested is a method for identifying fragrance compounds with low environmental impact and high degree of sustainability encompassing the following steps: (a) providing a fragrance compound or a fragrance composition of interest; (b) calculating scores for each of the following parameters (b1) biodegradability; (b2) biodiversity; (b3) carbon dioxide impact; (b4) process safety with regard to ecological toxicity; (b5) process safety with regard to human toxicity; (b6) land use; (b7) renewability; (b8) traceability; (b9) waste generation; and (b10) water consumption and/or pollution, (c) summing up all scores and calculate the average product sustainability score (PSC); and (d) proceed with those candidates showing a PSC of at least 70.

Abstract: Disclosed are RAFT agents, a method of polymerizing alkenes, dienes, vinyl compounds, and/or vinylidene compounds using at least one RAFT agent, polymers prepared by the methods, sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixtures prepared by the methods, and motor vehicle tires, cords, belts, or hoses incorporating the sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixtures. In one embodiment, the RAFT agent has the formula Z—C(?S)—S—R—S—P or P—S—Z—C(?S)—S—R—S—P, wherein P is a protecting group, and Z and R are typical RAFT Z and R groups.

Abstract: Disclosed are RAFT agents, a method of polymerizing alkenes, dienes, vinyl compounds, and/or vinylidene compounds using at least one RAFT agent, polymers prepared by the methods, sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixtures prepared by the methods, and motor vehicle tires, cords, belts, or hoses incorporating the sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixtures. In one embodiment, the RAFT agent has the formula Z—C(?S)—S—R—S—P or P—S—Z—C(?S)—S—R—S—P, wherein P is a protecting group, and Z and R are typical RAFT Z and R groups.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing a copolymer, a copolymer prepared by the process, a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, and the use of the sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture for production of motor vehicle tires. In one embodiment, the monomer has the formula: A-S—P, wherein A is a chemical group containing at least one aliphatic double bond, S is a sulfur atom, and P is a protecting group.

Abstract: Disclosed are monomers for copolymerization with alkenes, dienes, vinyl compounds, and/or vinylidene compounds, a process for preparing a copolymer, a copolymer prepared by the process, a sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture, and the use of the sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixture for production of motor vehicle tires. In one embodiment, the monomer has the formula A-S-P, wherein A is a chemical group containing at least one C?C aliphatic double bond, S is a sulfur atom, and P is a protecting group.

Abstract: A process for regenerating sulfur-crosslinked rubber vulcanizates to regenerates, wherein at least one regenerating agent is used in the regeneration. The regenerating agent is selected from the group consisting of dithiophosphoryl polysulfides and/or silanes having a polysulfane group. Regenerates which have been produced by means of the process lead to improved or equal rolling resistance indicators and a lower compression set in vulcanized rubber mixtures compared to regenerates known in the prior art.

Abstract: A process for regenerating sulfur-crosslinked rubber vulcanizates to regenerates, wherein at least one regenerating agent is used in the regeneration. The regenerating agent is selected from the group consisting of dithiophosphoryl polysulfides and/or silanes having a polysulfane group. Regenerates which have been produced by means of the process lead to improved or equal rolling resistance indicators and a lower compression set in vulcanized rubber mixtures compared to regenerates known in the prior art.

Abstract: A process for producing polymer-functionalized filler particles and polymer-functionalized filler particles obtained by this process. The polymer-functionalized filler particles are used as additives for rubber mixtures. The polymers for functionalizing the filler particles are obtained in-situ starting from filler particles having a surface-bound RAFT agent. The binding of silyl-bearing RAFT agents and of Diels-Alder RAFT agents occurs via the R-group and the subsequent RAFT polymerization proceeds via a reactive site of the RAFT agent.

Abstract: A process for producing polymer-functionalized filler particles and polymer-functionalized filler particles obtained by this process. The polymer-functionalized filler particles are used as additives for rubber mixtures. The polymers for functionalizing the filler particles are obtained in-situ starting from filler particles having a surface-bound RAFT agent. The binding of silyl-bearing RAFT agents and of Diels-Alder RAFT agents occurs via the R-group and the subsequent RAFT polymerization proceeds via a reactive site of the RAFT agent.