Abstract: A dental unit water line (DUWL) monitoring and maintenance apparatus, for monitoring a DUWL. The apparatus has a cleansing unit attached to the DUWL for cleansing the fluid passing there through. A control unit controls the cleansing unit associated with the water line. A monitoring unit monitors the operation of the dental unit when used by a dentist and stores data related to that operation. A timer times and records data relating to both periods of dental unit activity and inactivity, wherein, in use, the control unit operates to receive data from the monitoring unit and the timer and, based upon that data and reference data controls the operation of the water line to control flow of fluid through that DUWL and controls the cleanser to control the overall cleansing procedures associated with both the dental unit and associated DUWL.

Abstract: A dental unit water line (DUWL) monitoring and maintenance apparatus, for monitoring a DUWL. The apparatus comprises cleansing means attached to the DUWL for cleansing the fluid passing therethrough. Control means controls the cleansing means associated with the water line. Monitoring means monitors the operation of the dental unit by a dentist in use and storing data related to that operation. A timer times and records data relating to both periods of dental unit activity and inactivity, wherein, in use, the control means operates to receive data from the monitoring means and the timer and, based upon that data and reference data controls the operation of the water line to control flow of fluid through that DUWL and controls the cleanser to control the overall cleansing procedures associated with both the dental unit and associated DUWL.

Abstract: A water treatment process subjects raw water, for instance in a recirculating heat exchange, for instance cooling, system sequentially and immediately to an ion exchange step of a biocide step, the biocide step involving treatment in an electrochemical reactor. The biocide step contacts ion exchange water with a pair of electrodes in the presence of a catalyst, for instance platinum. The process provides efficient avoidance of microorganism build-up and minimises regeneration times. Water flows through inlet (1) downwards through a bed of ion exchange resin in ion exchange unit (2), directly into electrochemical reactor (3) comprising alternating corrugated anodes and cathodes connected by d.c. power supply (4) and out of outlet (5).