Abstract: The present invention is an integrated sun tracking and concentrating solar panel that uses compact optical elements to track the sun and concentrate its sunlight to one or more energy conversion devices that are collocated on the solar panel. The invention eliminates the need for large mechanical solar trackers while also substantially increasing the efficiency of land use for arrays of solar panels.

Abstract: A frequency-scanned end-fire phased-array antenna includes a board, a sinuous transmission line formed on the board, a plurality of end-fire antennas, and a plurality of couplers corresponding to the end-fire antennas, such that the transmission line is selectively coupled to the plurality of end-fire antennas via the plurality of couplers, for selectively coupling energy within the transmission line to the end-fire antennas. By varying the input frequency to the antenna over a narrow range, the direction of a main radiation beam emitted by the antenna can be scanned .+-.90 degrees from broadside. A single antenna board produces a frequency-scanned fan beam. Stacked antenna boards can produce a frequency-scanned pencil beam, or several independent frequency-scanned fan beams at different frequencies. The present antenna can operate in the microwave, millimeter-wave, terahertz, infrared, or optical frequency range.