Abstract: A lithography system configured to apply a pattern to a substrate, the system including a lithography apparatus configured to expose a layer of the substrate according to the pattern, and a machine learning controller configured to control the lithography system to optimize a property of the pattern, the machine learning controller configured to be trained on the basis of a property measured by a metrology unit configured to measure the property of the exposed pattern in the layer and/or a property associated with exposing the pattern onto the substrate, and to correct lithography system drift by adjusting one or more selected from: the lithography apparatus, a track unit configured to apply the layer on the substrate for lithographic exposure, and/or a control unit configured to control an automatic substrate flow among the track unit, the lithography apparatus, and the metrology unit.

Abstract: A compact high-power pure-sinewave inverter amenable to mass manufacturing techniques. Methods for increasing the power rating, power density and/or power conversion efficiency of a sinewave-modulated pulse-width-modulated (PWM) inverter having a either half-bridge or full-bridge topology, including minimizing uncoupled inductances and loop inductances in the primary winding(s) by employing either ribbon-like conductors having a high crossectional aspect ratio or litz-wire. A compact linear heatsink adapted to cool a row of semiconductor devices (such as inverter switches) mounted on a high-current printed circuit board. Methods for inexpensive manufacture of a fluid-cooled linear heat sink. A transformer including a filter inductor core.

Abstract: A compact high-power pure-sinewave inverter amenable to mass manufacturing techniques. Methods for increasing the power rating, power density and/or power conversion efficiency of a sinewave-modulated pulse-width-modulated (PWM) inverter having a either half-bridge or full-bridge topology, including minimizing uncoupled inductances and loop inductances in the primary winding(s) by employing either ribbon-like conductors having a high crossectional aspect ratio or litz-wire. A compact linear heatsink adapted to cool a row of semiconductor devices (such as inverter switches) mounted on a high-current printed circuit board. Methods for inexpensive manufacture of a fluid-cooled linear heat sink. A transformer including a filter inductor core.

Abstract: The present invention, generally speaking, uses input buffering and output control to provide a high-speed, high-performance digital traffic switch. This approach solves all of the problems noted above with respect to the prior art (input buffering/input control, output buffering/output control). Dropped discrete information units (cells) are dropped at the input port, and so will not be transmitted across the switch fabric. This reduces the traffic load on the switch fabric during congested periods, and makes the switch fabric easier to design and expand. Input buffering/output control allows for the use of smaller buffers than output buffered/output control architectures for the same level of “discrete information unit (cell) drop” performance, and scales well to larger systems. Input buffering/output control provides all the information necessary to the output (data flow) controller necessary to implement very precise control algorithms.

Abstract: The present invention, generally speaking, uses input buffering and output control to provide a high-speed, high-performance digital traffic switch. Dropped discrete information units (cells) are dropped at the input port, and so will not be transmitted across the switch fabric. This reduces the traffic load on the switch fabric during congested periods, and makes the switch fabric easier to design and expand. Input buffering/output control allows for the use of smaller buffers than output buffered/output control architectures for the same level of "discrete information unit (cell) drop" performance, and scales well to larger systems. Input buffering/output control provides all the information necessary to the output (data flow) controller necessary to implement very precise control algorithms. These algorithms can then administer switch fabric admission polices and contract enforcement fairly across all input ports.

Abstract: A proximity sensor includes a bifurcated optic fiber bundle with a face and a projection lens for projecting an image on a target and a feedback control loop for maintaining said face at a preselected distance from the target for tracking. An oscillating device is provided which is disposed in the light path with fixed excursion between the face and the target and which generates an AC component in said sensor signal that is proportional to the deviation of the actual distance from the preselected distance, whereby the error signal is kept near zero.

Abstract: In the present system, the thickness of an object with two surfaces is determined by forming two geometric images on the surfaces in a superimposed relationship. The images are viewed by two video cameras and their relative positions with respect to two corresponding references are determined. These relative positions are used to measure the thickness of the object.

Abstract: An optical proximity detector including a set of transmitter fibers for directing light to a target and two sets of receiver fibers. One set of receiver fibers is combined with the transmitter fibers to from a central portion which is flanked by the second set of receiver fibers. Two light sensors and a signal processing circuit are also included to generate one output signal which is linear with respect to the distance to the target and is independent of the target reflectance. The detector is especially suited for monitoring targets having widths less than the diameter of the bundle, such as a turbine blade.

Abstract: A proximity sensor is disclosed having two bifurcate fiber optical bundles arranged in series. Light is directed at a target by the bundles and the reflected light from the target is transmitted to two different sensors. The output of the sensors is used to derive a differential control signal for tracking a target. One of the sensors picks up reflected light from the fibers which also transmit light to the target while the second sensor detects light from receiver fibers disposed around said transmitter fibers.

Abstract: A proximity sensor is disclosed having two bifurcate fiber optical bundles arranged in parallel. Light is directed at a target by the bundles and the reflected light from the target is transmitted to two separate sensors. The output difference of the sensors is used to derive a control signal for tracking a target. The control signal has a null point and is used in a servo loop to keep the bundles at a constant distance from the target.

Abstract: A displacement measuring instrument for measuring the displacement of a target including in combination a fiber optic lens assembly including means for maintaining said assembly in space relation with said target, dither means for vibrating said assembly toward and away from said target about the lens null along the axis of said assembly, first electronic means for providing a first output voltage proportional to displacement of said assembly from said target, second electronic means cancelling that portion of said first output voltage resulting from displacement due to said dither means and providing a second voltage resulting from displacement due to means other than said dither means, servo means receiving said second output voltage and moving said assembly with respect to said target to null said second output voltage and measurement means measuring the movement of said servo means.

Abstract: A fluid pressure regulator valve comprising a base member designed to be secured in a fluid conduit in a position to stop all fluid flow through the conduit with the regulator valve in a fully closed position. The base member has an orifice formed through it which is sized to determine the maximum fluid flow rate through the regulator valve with the valve in a fully open position. An elongated helically coiled spring member is secured to the base member and is designed so that its coils are compressed into engagement with each other so as to enclose the sides of the spring member in a fluid tight manner. The helically coiled spring member has a central open passageway with one end closed in a fluid-tight manner and the other open end secured over the orifice through the base member. A magnetically permeable armature is secured to the closed end of the helically coiled spring.