Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing levulinic acid esters from ?-angelica lactone and alcohols in the presence of a heterogeneous acid catalyst. In addition, a method is described herein for producing fuel or fuel additives comprising levulinic acid esters produced from ?-angelica lactone and alcohol. In addition, compositions are described comprising levulinic acid esters for use as fuel or fuel additives.

Abstract: Process for converting certain lactones to their alpha-methylene substituted forms that not only exhibits high initial activity (conversion), but also maintains a high level of activity with time on stream.

Abstract: Process for converting certain lactones to their alpha-methylene substituted forms using an oxynitride catalyst or a composite oxynitride catalyst incorporating lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Process for converting certain lactones to their alpha-methylene derivatives in the liquid phase with both high conversion and selectivity using easily recoverable novel heterogeneous catalysts.

Abstract: Process for converting certain lactones to their alpha-methylene substituted forms that not only exhibits high initial activity (conversion), but also maintains a high level of activity with time on stream.

Abstract: Process for converting certain lactones to their alpha-methylene substituted forms in a supercritical or near-critical fluid phase reaction using an oxynitride catalyst or a composite oxynitride catalyst incorporating lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Process for converting certain lactones to their alpha-methylene substituted forms that exhibits high conversion and selectivity.

Abstract: Process for converting certain lactones to their alpha-methylene derivatives in the liquid phase using oxynitride catalysts or composite catalysts incorporating dithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Process for converting certain lactones to their alpha-methylene substituted forms in a supercritical or near-critical fluid phase reaction using a novel grafted catalyst that not only exhibits high initial activity (conversion), but also maintains a high level of activity with time on stream.

Abstract: Process for converting certain lactones to their alpha-methylene substituted forms that not only exhibits high initial activity (conversion), but also provides high reactor productivity (mass of product per mass of catalyst per unit of time) and sustained maintenance of a high level of activity and productivity with time on stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of xylene from diisobutylenes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of xylene from the product of the dimerization of isobutylene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing levulinic acid esters from ?-angelica lactone and alcohols in the presence of a basic catalyst. In addition, a method is described herein for producing fuel or fuel additives comprising levulinic acid esters produced from ?-angelica lactone and alcohol. In addition, compositions are described comprising levulinic acid esters for use as fuel or fuel additives.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing levulinic acid esters from ?-angelica lactone and olefins, the compositions produced therefrom, and the uses thereof. This invention also relates to a process for producing a mixture of levulinic acid and formic acid esters from ?-angelica lactone plus formic acid and olefins, or from biomass and olefins. This invention also relates to the uses of these esters as fuel and fuel additives for gasoline fuel, diesel fuel, and biofuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing N-(methyl aryl)-2-lactams, N-alkyl-2-lactams, and N-(methyl cycloalkyl)-2-lactams by reductive amination of lactones with aryl or alkyl cyano compounds utilizing a metal catalyst, which is optionally supported.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing 5-methyl-N-aryl-2-pyrrolidone, 5-methyl-N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 5-methyl-N-cycloalkyl-2-pyrrolidone by reductive amination of levulinic acid esters with aryl or alkyl amines utilizing a metal catalyst, which is optionally supported.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing 5-methyl-N-(methyl aryl)-2-pyrrolidone, 5-methyl-N-(methyl cycloalkyl)-2-pyrrolidone and 5-methyl-N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone by reductive amination of levulinic acid esters with aryl or alkyl cyano compounds utilizing a metal catalyst, which is optionally supported.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing 5-methyl-N-(methyl aryl)-2-pyrrolidone, 5-methyl-N-(methyl cycloalkyl)-2-pyrrolidone and 5-methyl-N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidone by reductive amination of levulinic acid esters with aryl or alkyl cyano compounds utilizing a metal catalyst, which is optionally supported.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a mixture of levulinic acid esters and formic acid esters from biomass and olefins, and the composition prepared therefrom. This invention also relates to usage of the mixture of these esters as fuel additives for gasoline fuel, diesel fuel, and biofuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing N-aryl-2-lactams, N-alkyl-2-lactams, and N-cycloalkyl-2-lactams by reductive amination of lactones with aryl or alkyl nitro compounds utilizing a metal catalyst, which is optionally supported.