Abstract: A proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer for breaking down water to hydrogen and oxygen comprises a titanium anode, a catalyst-coated membrane, a titanium cathode, and a power source. The titanium anode is configured to receive water from a water source. The titanium anode liberates oxygen and protons. The catalyst-coated membrane is operably connected to the titanium anode via gas diffusion layer (titanium frits and titanium mesh). The catalyst-coated membrane is configured to permit protons to permeate from the anode to the cathode. The titanium cathode is configured to receive the protons that have migrated through the membrane. The received protons accept electrons from the power source to form hydrogen. The power source is electrically connected across the titanium anode and the titanium cathode. The power source completes an electric circuit between the cathode and the anode for breaking down the water to hydrogen and oxygen.

Abstract: A water torch with tip for providing separate streams of hydrogen and oxygen at its exit includes the tip. The tip has a tip inlet end and a tip outlet end. The tip includes an inner housing and an outer housing. The inner housing has an inner housing inlet port at the tip inlet end in communication with an inner housing outlet opening at the tip outlet end via an inner tip passage. The outer housing surrounds the inner housing. The outer housing includes an outer housing inlet port at the tip inlet end in communication with an outer housing outlet opening at the tip outlet end via an outer tip passage created between the inner housing and the outer housing. The outer housing outlet opening and the inner housing outlet opening are at approximately the tip outlet end, where the outer housing outlet opening surrounding the inner housing outlet opening.