Abstract: The invention relates to a process to minimize metallic aluminum fines loss to parasitic reactions during their introduction into the tap stream of molten steel from Basic Oxygen Furnaces or Electric Arc Furnaces in the ladle, or at the secondary steelmaking vessel, by premixing oxide-free steel or iron fines, prior to briquetting, increasing the apparent density of the aluminum-containing briquette thereby decreasing its flotation into the highly oxidized slag and minimizing the aluminum losses and increasing predictability in the molten steel properties.

Abstract: A desulfurization composition contains from about 3% to about 20% particulate metallic aluminum, about 5% to about 30% particulate alumina, about 0.5% to about 12% particulate hydrocarbon material or other gas generating composition and the balance lime plus impurities. Preferably aluminum dross is the source of aluminum and alumina. The desulfurization composition is injected into molten iron from a blast furnace preferably in an amount of 4 to 20 pounds desulfurizer per ton of hot metal. The desulfurizing composition can be injected as a blend or co-injected into the hot metal through a lance using a carrier gas or dumped into the hot metal as it is being poured into the ladle. At least for torpedo ladles, the desulfurization composition can be placed in the ladle before the hot metal is poured into it.

Abstract: A desulfurization composition contains from about 3% to about 20% particulate metallic aluminum, about 5% to about 30% particulate alumina, about 0.5% to about 12% particulate hydrocarbon material or other gas generating composition and the balance lime plus impurities. Preferably aluminum dross is the source of aluminum and alumina. The desulfurization composition is injected into molten iron from a blast furnace preferably in an amount of 4 to 20 pounds desulfurizer per ton of hot metal. The desulfurizing composition can be injected as a blend or co-injected into the hot metal through a lance using a carrier gas or dumped into the hot metal as it is being poured into the ladle. At least for torpedo ladles, the desulfurization composition can be placed in the ladle before the hot metal is poured into it.

Abstract: Magnesium powder is manufactured by reacting dolomitic lime, ferrosilicon and fluorospar to create magnesium vapor. The magnesium vapor is condensed in a retort in a manner to form a primarily dendritic crown of magnesium. The dendritic magnesium crown is shredded into magnesium particles which are then crushed into magnesium powder through conventional milling or grinding equipment.

Abstract: A method of purifying steel in a tundish, especially to remove alumina inclusions, comprises passing the steel through at least one refractory board having apertures through it and introducing inert gas into the steel at the upstream side of the foot of the board to cause a stream of bubbles to flow over the upstream side of the board. One of the boards may comprise a ceramic filter element. The boards may be non-vertical and have integral gas supply means. The apertures may taper, may have axes angled from perpendicular to the board's plane and may have high alumina content surfaces. The upstream side of the board may have an exothermic layer.

Abstract: A method of purifying steel in a tundish, especially to remove alumina inclusions, comprises passing the steel through at least one refractory board having apertures through it and introducing inert gas into the steel at the upstream side of the foot of the board to cause a stream of bubbles to flow over the upstream side of the board. One of the boards may comprise a ceramic filter element. The boards may be non-vertical and have integral gas supply means. The apertures may taper, may have axes angled from perpendicular to the board's plane and may have high alumina content surfaces. The upstream side of the board may have an exothermic layer.

Abstract: A calcium-slag additive for use in desulfurization of molten steel contains, by weight, 10-25 percent calcium metal, 30-50 percent fluorspar, 10-30 percent aluminum oxide and 10-30 percent calcium oxide. The calcium-slag is produced by forming a molten mixture of lime, fluorspar and aluminum in a graphite-lined induction furnace and heating the mixture to 1300.degree.-1600.degree. C. to form a calcium-aluminum alloy phase floating on a calcium-slag phase, and tapping the calcium-slag from the bottom of the furnace and rapidly cooling the same to form a solid calcium-slag material.

Abstract: A new high concentration titanium-boron additive alloy for addition to molten metals is provided comprising about 60% to 78% titanium, about 1.3% to 4.5% boron and the balance iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts. Aluminum, zirconium, silicon and manganese may be present in an amount up to about 20% so long as the ratio of titanium to boron remains in the range.

Abstract: An exothermic, reducing and basic ladle desulfurizing mix, and method for its use, which minimizes the temperature drop encounterd by the molten steel tapped from the furnace. The mix is comprised essentially of finely-divided particulate iron and/or manganese oxide, aluminum with minor magnesium and/or calcium alloying additions, and burnt lime. The need for other fluxing agents such as fluorspar is minimized or eliminated.

Abstract: A new high concentration titanium-boron additive alloy for addition to molten metals is provided comprising about 65% to 90% titanium, about 1.3% to 4.5% boron and the balance iron with residual impurities in ordinary amounts. Aluminum, zirconium, silicon and manganese may be present in an amount up to about 20% so long as the ratio of titanium to boron to iron remains in the range.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of production are provided for treating liquid metals, such as desulfurizing, deoxidizing and otherwise purifying and controlling inclusion morphology, by injecting a particulate alloy with a neutral gas carrier below the surface of a molten metal, the alloy being free of silicon and carbon and consisting essentially of calcium, aluminum, iron and/or manganese, with magnesium, barium and alkali metals being present in amounts sufficient to provide desired characteristics associated with their presence.

Abstract: A ladle desulfurization composition and method are provided in which molten steel to be desulfurized is mixed with a mixture of particulate metallic aluminum, fluorspar and lime to deoxidize and desulfurize the metal and form a fluxed slag.

Abstract: An additive and method of making zirconium additions to steel is provided in which an alloy of about 70% to 90% zirconium and the balance iron with residual impurities is formed into uniform sized pieces and added to a bath of molten steel with various possible techniques.

Abstract: Total bath oxygen content and silicon input are controlled during a steelmaking process so that a cast and subsequently wrought product is characterized by being virtually free of elongated sulfide and silicate inclusions. Bendability properties of the wrought product are enhanced thereby.

Abstract: Fully killed high-strength low-alloy steels consisting essentially of .12% to .20% carbon, 1.10% to 1.65% manganese, .05% to .20% vanadium, .005% to .025% nitrogen, .04% maximum phosphorus, .025% maximum sulfur, .60% maximum silicon and balance iron are characterized in a hot-rolled finished condition by yield strengths in excess of 80,000 p.s.i., ultimate tensile strengths in excess of 95,000 p.s.i., ductilities as measured by percent elongation (2 inches) in excess of 18% and good toughness. The steels are hot-rolled finished in the temperature range 1550.degree. F. to 1650.degree. F., cooled at a rate within the range 20.degree. F. to 135.degree. F. per second and collected by coiling or piling within a temperature range of 1025.degree. F. to 1175.degree. F. The steels modified by the incorporation of .01% to .10% of a rare earth are further characterized by improved formability.