Abstract: The present invention relates to a bioreactor for the catalytic conversion of a substrate to a product using an immobilized enzyme. The immobilized enzyme is a histidine tagged enzyme, which binds to a nickel-nanoparticle coated cellulose matrix which is housed within the bioreactor. The invention also relates to methods of producing products by enzymatic catalysis using the bioreactor of the invention.

Abstract: A mixed animal feed is provided comprising a conventional grass based feed admixed with up to 60% by weight of by-product seed optionally mixed with grape husks. The conventional grass based feed may include lucerne hay. Preferably, the grape seed and, where present, grape husks, have been pre-treated with at least one, and typically a combination of, tannin degrading bacteria that is or are conveniently tannin-hydrolysing lactic acid bacteria. The grape seed would typically be milled prior to contacting it with a suspension of bacteria followed by pelletising the treated grape seed and husks, where present.