Abstract: A three-dimensional electrode architecture for a supercapacitor and/or battery characterized by high power density and high energy density includes at least one negative electrode and at least one positive disposed in an interpenetrating manner. Also disclosed are corresponding or associated three-dimensional supercapacitors or batteries as well as methods for making the same.

Abstract: A three-dimensional electrode architecture for a supercapacitor and/or battery characterized by high power density and high energy density includes at least one negative electrode and at least one positive disposed in an interpenetrating manner. Also disclosed are corresponding or associated three-dimensional supercapacitors or batteries as well as methods for making the same.

Abstract: An aquarium filtration system with enhanced features comprising a continuous flow of filtered and processed water as well as a continuous drain system is herein disclosed. In such a manner, the water is continually changed over time, thus minimizing required emptying and/or cleaning. Additionally the system holds and maintains the desired pH level and water hardness, while controlling ammonia and nitrite levels. A filter on the incoming water line removes chlorine and other chemicals before the water passes onto the aquarium. The system works in conjunction with a conventional automatic water level controller. Automatic check valves control water flow and prevent back flow.

Abstract: A fluid reactor for facilitating mixing and/or chemical reaction and including an elongated cylindrical flow chamber having a first for receiving a flow of a first fluid, a second flow inlet through which a relatively low mass flow of a second fluid may be admitted to the chamber; and a cone-pi element disposed downstream of the second flow inlet and having an upstream conical portion with a leading apex generally facing the first flow inlet, an intervening cylindrical portion, and a downstream conical portion with a trailing apex generally facing the flow outlet, the cone-pi element being operable to produce cavitation and/or vortical flow within the flow stream to effectuate mixing and/or chemical interaction of the first fluid and the second fluid, and to deliver a mixed and/or reacted fluid from the flow outlet.

Abstract: A mass flow meter device utilizing a housing having a wall portion forming a chamber with an entrance and exit for passing fluid through the same. A body is located within the chamber and is composed of a first conical portion, a second conical portion, and a cylindrical portion positioned intermediate the first and second conical portions. The body is held within the chamber in a standard or reverse direction. A first pressure probe or sensor measures the fluid pressure at the apex of the first conical portion while a second pressure probe or sensor obtains a second pressure measurement at the cylindrical portion of the body. The comparison of the first and second pressure measurements serves as an indication for the mass flow of fluid through the housing.

Abstract: A flow metering apparatus possessing a housing with a chamber including and entrance and an exit for the passageway of fluid therethrough. A flow directing body is located in the chamber and includes first and second conical portions positioned on either side of a cylindrical portion. The body is supported in the chamber in a fixed manner. An orifice is located within the chamber upstream of the first conical portion of the body and is of a predetermined size to control the passage of fluid through the housing chamber. First and second sensors sense the dynamic pressures at the apex of the first conical portion and at a position between the body and a wall of the chamber.

Abstract: A flow metering apparatus possessing a housing with a chamber including and entrance and an exit for the passageway of fluid therethrough. A flow directing body is located in the chamber and includes first and second conical portions positioned on either side of a cylindrical portion. The body is supported in the chamber in a fixed manner. An orifice is located within the chamber upstream of the first conical portion of the body and is of a predetermined size to control the passage of fluid through the housing chamber. First and second sensors sense the dynamic pressures at the apex of the first conical portion and at a position between the body and a wall of the chamber.

Abstract: A contiguous duplex microstructured material comprises a nanostructured material having two structural states, for example, a duplex microstructured coating. One state comprises substantially nanostructured features, while the second state substantially comprises microstructured features. A duplex nanostructured coating can be made by thermal spraying a reconstituted nanostructured material onto a substrate under conditions effective to form a coating comprising more than one structural state.

Abstract: A contiguous duplex microstructured material comprises a nanostructured material having two structural states, for example, a duplex microstructured coating. One state comprises substantially nanostructured features, while the second state substantially comprises microstructured features. A duplex nanostructured coating can be made by thermal spraying a reconstituted nanostructured material onto a substrate under conditions effective to form a coating comprising more than one structural state.

Abstract: A mass flow meter device utilizing a housing having a wall portion forming a chamber with an entrance and exit for passing fluid through the same. A body is located within the chamber and is composed of a first conical portion, a second conical portion, and a cylindrical portion positioned intermediate the first and second conical portions. The body is held within the chamber in a standard or reverse direction. A first pressure probe or sensor measures the fluid pressure at the apex of the first conical portion while a second pressure probe or sensor obtains a second pressure measurement at the cylindrical portion of the body. The comparison of the first and second pressure measurements serves as an indication for the mass flow of fluid through the housing.

Abstract: A contiguous duplex microstructured material comprises a nanostructured material having two structural states, for example, a duplex microstructured coating. One state comprises substantially nanostructured features, while the second state substantially comprises microstructured features. A duplex nanostructured coating can be made by thermal spraying a reconstituted nanostructured material onto a substrate under conditions effective to form a coating comprising more than one structural state.

Abstract: A mass flow meter device utilizing a housing having a wall portion forming a chamber with an entrance and exit for passing fluid through the same. A body is located within the chamber and is composed of a first conical portion, a second conical portion, and a cylindrical portion positioned intermediate the first and second conical portions. The body is held within the chamber in a standard or reverse direction. A first pressure probe or sensor measures the fluid pressure at the apex of the first conical portion while a second pressure probe or sensor obtains a second pressure measurement at the cylindrical portion of the body. The comparison of the first and second pressure measurements serves as an indication for the mass flow of fluid through the housing. The flow meter device may be adapted to existing fluid sources such as aerosol generators.

Abstract: A medicinal delivery system utilizing a gaseous propellant source. The system includes a nozzle having an entrance and exit for passing medicinal powder material threrethrough. A conduit is also utilized to direct gaseous propellant to a place adjacent the nozzle exit. A flow shaper produces a vortex stream of the gaseous propellant which mixes with the medicinal powder material exiting the nozzle. The medicinal powder, gaseous propellant, and air are mixed in a vessel chamber and forced from the vessel chamber through an exit for use as a homogeneous aerosol.

Abstract: A medicinal delivery system utilizing a gaseous propellant source. The system includes a nozzle having an entrance and exit for passing medicinal powder material threrethrough. A conduit is also utilized to direct gaseous propellant to a place adjacent the nozzle exit. A flow shaper produces a vortex stream of the gaseous propellant which mixes with the medicinal powder material exiting the nozzle. The medicinal powder, gaseous propellant, and air are mixed in a vessel chamber and forced from the vessel chamber through an exit for use as a homogeneous aerosol.

Abstract: A liquid medicament delivery system utilizing a carrier for a dose of liquid medicament. A conduit having an entrance and exit communicates with the carrier to permit the same to travel along the conduit. A propellant and the liquid medicament carried by the conduit are formed into a stable vortex eddy and passed to a mixing chamber where the medicament is delivered through an outflow aperture for use.

Abstract: A contiguous duplex microstructured material comprises a nanostructured material having two structural states, for example, a duplex microstructured coating. One state comprises substantially nanostructured features, while the second state substantially comprises microstructured features. A duplex nanostructured coating can be made by thermal spraying a reconstituted nanostructured material onto a substrate under conditions effective to form a coating comprising more than one structural state.

Abstract: A dental implant includes a rigid body having axially symmetric and radially circumferential spiral pitch surfaces, in a range of about 22 to about 28 pitch surfaces per axial inch, an upper concave bevel surface above each pitch surface, which is longer than a lower bevel surface beneath each pitch surface, and an intersection of each plane of each pitch surface, and each plane of each lower bevel surface defining a total included angle in a range of about 90 to about 130 degrees, the rigid body having minor thread diameters at intersections, between pitch surfaces, of the upper and lower bevel surfaces, the pitch surfaces and the minor thread diameters defining, at any axial radius of the rigid body, a ratio of thread pitch to thread depth in a range of about 1.25:1 to about 1.40:1. Each of the lower bevel surfaces define a total included angle in a range of about 20 to about 30 degrees relative to any given axial radius of the implant at a minor thread diameter.

Abstract: A buttress-thread dental implant constitutes a rigid body including axially symmetric and radially uniform circumferential spiral pitch surfaces in the range or about 22 to about 28 of such pitch surfaces per axial inch. Above each pitch surface is a concave upper bevel surface which is longer than a lower bevel surface beneath each pitch surface. The intersection of each plane of each pitch surface with each plane of each lower bevel surface defines a total included bevel angle in the range of about 90 to about 1.30 degrees. The implant is also characterized by ratio of thread pitch to thread depth in the range of about 1.25:1 to about 1.40:1.

Abstract: A micromechanical seal between a first body and a second body, which is axially threadably securable to the first body, is formed by the combination of a first annular concave radial surface upon the first body, the first surface defining a radius of curvature in the range of about two to about eight ten-thousandths of an inch, a second annular concave radial surface upon the second body, the second surface fully complemental in inner and outer radial dimensions to the first surface, the second surface defining a radius of curvature in the range of about two to about eight ten-thousandths of an inch. Upon tightening of the respective axially threadedable surfaces of the first and second bodies, a micromechanical seal in a region of compression, formed by the opposing concave surfaces, is created.

Abstract: A dental implant system includes an implant having its external geometry proportioned for securement within a human mandible. A junction between the implant and a complemental abutment of a dental prosthesis includes a journal that is defined by two bearing surfaces respectively preceding and following a threaded part of the junction. A longitudinal internal bore of the implant begins at a proximal open end of the implant and extends to a closed distal end, the bore includes the threaded part of the junction and is of substantially uniform diameter and pitch. A distal end of the bore defines one of the bearing surfaces and a proximal end of said bore defines the other bearing surface. The abutment of the dental prosthesis includes a male element which is complemental in all respects to the threaded portion of the bore and the bearing surfaces internal to the bore of the implant.