Abstract: An overbased calcium sulfonate detergent having a high viscosity is characterized by forming a clear solution in lubricating oil, having a TBN of about 400 or more, and having a viscosity of at least 180 mm2/s at 100° C. The high viscosity of the detergent allows for reduction in expensive high viscosity oil components of marine cylinder oils while maintaining selected TBN and viscosity parameters in the finished oil.

Abstract: Viscosity increase or drift control occurs in overbased detergents in storage over time and particularly at elevated temperatures. Viscosity drift is now controlled by the addition of additive amounts of a compound having an oleophilic group and further having secondary hydroxyl functionality to a detergent in storage prior to incorporation in a finished oil. Additions of this control agent in additive amounts of about 0.1 to 5.0%, and preferably 0.25 to 1.0%, by weight effected minimal viscosity drift of no more than about 10% where the detergent was stored at elevated temperatures of about 37° C. to 82° C. for about 4 weeks. The degree of viscosity drift control is proportional to the amount of control agent added to the overbased detergent. Preferred viscosity drift control agents are alkylated phenols such as dinonyl phenol, vegetable oils such as canola oil and jojoba oil, and hydroxy carboxylic acids such as 12-hydroxy stearic acid.

Abstract: A continuous process has been found for producing hydroxyacylated alkenyl-substituted mono- and bis- succinimides. The Mannich phenol coupled compositions are produced continuously as well. In the imidization reaction, an alkenyl succinic anhydride is contacted with a polyamine to form mono- and bis- polyamino alkenyl succinimides in continuous stirred tank reactor for a residence time of 1 to 3 hours. The reaction product is then, optionally Mannich base coupled. Finally, in the amidization, the mono- and bis- polyamino alkenyl succinimide is contacted with an acylating agent such as hydroxyacetic acid. Contacting is carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor for a residence time of 3 to 6 hours. A hydroxyacylated alkenyl-substituted mono- and bis- succinimide product free of haze is produced in the absence of filtering, by reducing water continuously in all three reactors to a concentration of 0.4 wt %.

Abstract: An improvement in a method of producing an ORI control additive which is the reaction product of a polybutenyl succinic anhydride and a polyoxyalkylene diamine, wherein the improvement comprises reacting solvent free the anhydride and diamine at an increased temperature and monitoring the absorbancy of the reaction product to determine the degree of reaction completion.

Abstract: In an overbased sulfonate process calcium hydroxide is formed in situ. The entire water charge and 30 to 50% of the calcium oxide is added. The temperature exotherm is observed. When the temperature ceases to rise, the remaining calcium hydroxide is added with temperature adjustment and carbonation is begun.

Abstract: A method of preparing a calcium sulfonate having a TBN of 500 where the method comprises reacting CaO, Ca(OH).sub.2 and H.sub.2 O, and synthetic and natural sulfonates in certain molar ratios, respectively, for a sufficient length of time to produce the overbased calcium sulfonate.

Abstract: In the preparation of an overbased calcium sulfonate, it has been found that adding the calcium hydroxide during the carbonation reaction reduced solid waste. An initial charge of 15 to 25 wt % of the total calcium hydroxide is added to initiate the carbonation reaction. The balance is added by a process whereby calcium hydroxide concentration remains low in the reaction admixture to reduce amorphous calcium carbonate residence time. In the process, calcium hydroxide is added in amounts whereby the molar ratio of carbon dioxide to the sum of calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide is about 0.8.

Abstract: In the preparation of an overbased calcium sulfonate from a chloride free calcium sulfonate and calcium oxide, it has been found that 0.4 to 0.9 wt % calcium chloride improves the overbasing reaction rate.