Abstract: Use of an additive selected from nitrate compounds, peroxide compounds, nitrite compounds and polyether compounds, and mixtures thereof in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the build-up of deposits in an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Use of an additive selected from nitrate compounds, peroxide compounds, nitrite compounds and polyether compounds, and mixtures thereof in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the build-up of deposits in an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts of formula: wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms, R together with N forms an aliphatic or aromatic heterocycle having less than 12 carbons atoms and R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group. The use of these compounds as fuel or lubricant additives, especially as diesel fuel additives.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts of formula: wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group having less than 8 carbon atoms, R together with N forms an aliphatic or aromatic heterocycle having less than 12 carbons atoms and R5 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarhyl group.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt additive which additive is formed by the reaction of (1) a quaternising agent and (2) a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least 1.4 molar equivalents of an amine of formula (B1) or (B2), wherein R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl, alkenyl or aryl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X is a bond or alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C22 alkyl group.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a quaternary ammonium salt additive which additive is formed by the reaction of (1) a quaternising agent and (2) a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and at least 1.4 molar equivalents of an amine of formula (B1) or (B2), wherein R2 and R3 are the same or different alkyl, alkenyl or aryl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms; X is a bond or alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1 to C22 alkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising: i) at least one compound of formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C1-19 hydrocarbyl or a group of formula (II): wherein Q is a bond or an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl group; wherein R3 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted or substituted C1-18 hydrocarbyl; wherein the R1—C—R2 backbone is from 5 to 20 atoms in length; wherein each A and B is independently an unsubstituted or substituted unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbyl group; and wherein n is an integer from 0 to 10; and ii) a diluent or carrier; wherein the compound(s) of formula (I) is present in an amount sufficient to provide, at ?30° C., at least 1 wt % of iron, based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising: i) at least one compound of formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C1-19 hydrocarbyl or a group of formula (II): wherein Q is a bond or an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl group; wherein R3 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted or substituted C1-18 hydrocarbyl; wherein the R1—C—R2 backbone is from 5 to 20 atoms in length; wherein each A and B is independently an unsubstituted or substituted unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbyl group; and wherein n is an integer from 0 to 10; and ii) a diluent or carrier; wherein the compound(s) of formula (I) is present in an amount sufficient to provide, at ?30° C., at least 1 wt % of iron, based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising: i) at least one compound of formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C1-19 hydrocarbyl or a group of formula (II): wherein Q is a bond or an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl group; wherein R3 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen and unsubstituted or substituted C1-18 hydrocarbyl; wherein the R1—C—R2 backbone is from 5 to 20 atoms in length; wherein each A and B is independently an unsubstituted or substituted unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbyl group; and wherein n is an integer from 0 to 10; and ii) a diluent or carrier; wherein the compound(s) of formula (I) is present in an amount sufficient to provide, at ?30° C., at least 1 wt % of iron, based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to iron-organo compounds and the use of such compounds in the regeneration of particulate filter traps in combustion systems such as high-compression spontaneous ignition engines. The iron-organo compounds have the formula X-Y where X represents the group of formula Y represents the formula each A and B is independently an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic carbon ring or an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic heterocyclic ring; the or each Z is independently an unsubstituted or substituted divalent hydrocarbyl group; n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 10.

Abstract: A device is provided for dampening compressor-induced vibration in an air conditioning system of the type having an indoor unit, an outdoor unit and a refrigerant conduit therebetween. The outdoor unit includes a compressor that is operable to circulate a vapor compression refrigerant through the conduit between the indoor and outdoor units. The device is comprised of a support member containing a section of refrigerant line. The support member is located beneath the outdoor unit and the refrigerant line section is interposed in a portion of the refrigerant conduit between said compressor and said indoor unit, such that the refrigerant flowing between the indoor unit and the compressor is routed through the line section in the outdoor unit support member.

Abstract: Axial flow fan propellers are provided with a roughened portion along the trailing edge of the fan blades on the pressure side of the blade to minimize tonal acoustic emissions generated by laminar boundary layer vortex shedding. The roughened portion may be provided by trip surfaces formed in the blades, by strips of abrasive material adhered to the blades along the trailing edges, respectively, by parallel or cross-hatched serrations in the blades or by upturned or offset trailing edges of the blades. The height of the roughened portion should be about equal to the boundary layer thickness of air flowing over the blade surfaces during operation of the fan. The fan propellers are particularly advantageous in heat exchanger applications, such as residential air conditioning system condenser units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to iron-organo compounds and the use of such compounds in the regeneration of particulate filter traps in combustion systems such as high-compression spontaneous ignition engines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of fuel additives in the regeneration of particulate filter traps, e.g. diesel particulate filter traps. The invention further relates to fuel additives suitable for use in such a process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating alcoholism and alcohol dependence in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a synergistic combination of: (i) at least one opioid antagonist, and (ii) at least one selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The invention also relates to compositions and kits containing the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating alcoholism and alcohol dependence in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a synergistic combination of: (i) at least one opioid antagonist, and (ii) at least one selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The invention also relates to compositions and kits containing the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating psychosis in a mammal which comprises administering to the mammal an effective amount of a dopamine receptor antagonist antipsychotic and a sigma receptor antagonist having greater affinity for sigma receptors than for dopamine receptors, in an amount effective to selectively enhance the antipsychotic effects of the dopamine receptor antagonist relative to the adverse side effects of the dopamine receptor antagonist.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating cocaine abuse or addiction in a mammal which comprises administering to the mammal an effective amount of a sigma receptor antagonist lacking or having relatively weak dopamine receptor-blocking activity, to reduce the pharmacological effects of the cocaine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating drug abuse or addiction involving amphetamine or amphetamine-related drugs with pharmacological effects similar to amphetamine in a mammal which comprises administering to the mammal an effective amount, to reduce the pharmacological effects of the amphetamine or amphetamine-related drug, of certain piperidine sigma receptor antagonists.

Abstract: Known and novel 4-aryl-4-piperidinecarbinols and heterocyclic analogs are useful as analgesics. Also provided are novel pyrrolidinecarbinols and hexahydroazepine carbinols which are useful as analgesics, antidepressants and, in some cases, as anorectic agents.