Abstract: A fluid filtration system and methods of using the same is provided. The fluid filtration system includes a fluid processing pressure vessel. The fluid processing pressure vessel includes a plurality of fluid filtration modules provided in series between an inlet and a permeate outlet, at least one sensor module, and at least one data collection module. The at least one sensor module includes a body, at least one sensor, and a data transmitter. The at least one data collection module includes a data receiver configured to receive data from the data transmitter of the at least one sensor module.

Abstract: A medical questionnaire may be provided to a patient and responses to the medical questionnaire may be scored using a scoring procedure associated with the medical questionnaire. The scored responses may then be used to determine a wellness score for the patient. At times, the medical questionnaire may be treatment, diagnosis, and/or symptom specific and the wellness scores determined from the responses thereto may be used to determine a wellness score regarding the patient's wellness with regard to the treatment, diagnosis, and/or symptom. The wellness score may be provided to the patient, a treatment provider, a treatment facility, and/or a treatment administrator. At times a first and second wellness score may be determined and a difference therebetween may be used to determine an improvement score.

Abstract: An interface displaying a plurality of previously determined wellness scores for a plurality of patients may be generated and provided to a display device. The patients may each be associated with a patient characteristic, a treatment, and/or a diagnosis. In some instances, the patients may be associated with a particular treatment provider or group of treatment providers and plurality of previously determined wellness scores may enable a treatment provider to quickly view (via the interface) the current wellness of patients under his or her care. In other instances, the plurality of previously determined wellness scores may be associated with a diagnosis and a corresponding treatment so that the interface provides the wellness scores for patients who have undergone the treatment and a viewer may observe how the treatment impacted the wellness scores for the patients.

Abstract: An interface displaying a plurality of previously determined wellness scores for a plurality of patients may be generated and provided to a display device. The patients may each be associated with a patient characteristic, a treatment, and/or a diagnosis. In some instances, the patients may be associated with a particular treatment provider or group of treatment providers and plurality of previously determined wellness scores may enable a treatment provider to quickly view (via the interface) the current wellness of patients under his or her care. In other instances, the plurality of previously determined wellness scores may be associated with a diagnosis and a corresponding treatment so that the interface provides the wellness scores for patients who have undergone the treatment and a viewer may observe how the treatment impacted the wellness scores for the patients.

Abstract: A medical questionnaire may be provided to a patient and responses to the medical questionnaire may be scored using a scoring procedure associated with the medical questionnaire. The scored responses may then be used to determine a wellness score for the patient. At times, the medical questionnaire may be treatment, diagnosis, and/or symptom specific and the wellness scores determined from the responses thereto may be used to determine a wellness score regarding the patient's wellness with regard to the treatment, diagnosis, and/or symptom. The wellness score may be provided to the patient, a treatment provider, a treatment facility, and/or a treatment administrator. At times a first and second wellness score may be determined and a difference therebetween may be used to determine an improvement score.

Abstract: A method for assessing a state of fouling of a reverse osmosis system is provided. The method includes deriving a plurality of impedance values from a low frequency region of an electrical impedance spectrum of a reverse osmosis membrane comprised in the reverse osmosis system, and determining a state of fouling of the reverse osmosis system based on the plurality of derived impedance values. Use of the method for in-situ monitoring of fouling on a reverse osmosis membrane, and an apparatus for assessing a state of fouling of a reverse osmosis system are also provided.

Abstract: A method for assessing a state of fouling of a reverse osmosis system is provided. The method comprises deriving a plurality of impedance values from a low frequency region of an electrical impedance spectrum of a reverse osmosis membrane comprised in the reverse osmosis system, and determining a state of fouling of the reverse osmosis system based on 10 the plurality of derived impedance values. Use of the method for in-situ monitoring of fouling on a reverse osmosis membrane, and an apparatus for assessing a state of fouling of a reverse osmosis system are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for altering the characteristics of a membrane comprising a dielectric material. The method comprises heating the membrane and applying an electric field in a direction out of the plane of the membrane to at least a portion of the dielectric material. At least a portion of the dielectric material becomes aligned with the applied electric field. In some embodiments, the membrane is piezoelectric and application of an electric signal to the membrane causes out of plane movement of the membrane. Also disclosed are membranes and systems and apparatuses comprising such membranes.

Abstract: An interface displaying a plurality of previously determined wellness scores for a plurality of patients may be generated and provided to a display device. The patients may each be associated with a patient characteristic, a treatment, and/or a diagnosis. In some instances, the patients may be associated with a particular treatment provider or group of treatment providers and plurality of previously determined wellness scores may enable a treatment provider to quickly view (via the interface) the current wellness of patients under his or her care. In other instances, the plurality of previously determined wellness scores may be associated with a diagnosis and a corresponding treatment so that the interface provides the wellness scores for patients who have undergone the treatment and a viewer may observe how the treatment impacted the wellness scores for the patients.

Abstract: A medical questionnaire may be provided to a patient and responses to the medical questionnaire may be scored using a scoring procedure associated with the medical questionnaire. The scored responses may then be used to determine a wellness score for the patient. At times, the medical questionnaire may be treatment, diagnosis, and/or symptom specific and the wellness scores determined from the responses thereto may be used to determine a wellness score regarding the patient's wellness with regard to the treatment, diagnosis, and/or symptom. The wellness score may be provided to the patient, a treatment provider, a treatment facility, and/or a treatment administrator. At times a first and second wellness score may be determined and a difference therebetween may be used to determine an improvement score.

Abstract: A method for in situ monitoring of a membrane of a membrane separation system comprises measuring a complex impedance of the membrane at a plurality of frequencies to provide an indication of the electrical conduction and electrical polarization properties of the membrane. The membrane based separation system for removing or reducing the concentration of materials carried in a fluid including a separation membrane has a first pair of electrodes separated by the membrane and arranged for measurement of the complex impedance of the membrane at a plurality of frequencies to provide the indication of the membrane properties. There may also be a second pair of electrodes separated by the membrane for injecting the stimulus current such that the injecting and monitoring functions are separated.

Abstract: A camera rig system is provided for 3D stereo photography. The system includes a first camera mount configured to removably hold a first camera module having a first optical axis being oriented horizontally. The system also includes a second camera mount configured to removably hold a second camera module having a second optical axis being oriented vertically and orthogonal to the first optical axis. The system further includes a mirror assembly configured to receive an incoming light and transmit a first portion of the incoming light to the first camera module and reflect a second portion of the incoming light to the second camera module. The mirror assembly has a first rotational axis, and the mirror assembly independently controls a rotational movement around the rotating axis and a linear movement along at least one of the first optical axis and the second optical axis.

Abstract: A method for in situ monitoring of a membrane of a membrane separation system comprises measuring a complex impedance of the membrane at a plurality of frequencies to provide an indication of the electrical conduction and electrical polarization properties of the membrane. The membrane based separation system for removing or reducing the concentration of materials carried in a fluid including a separation membrane has a first pair of electrodes separated by the membrane and arranged for measurement of the complex impedance of the membrane at a plurality of frequencies to provide the indication of the membrane properties. There may also be a second pair of electrodes separated by the membrane for injecting the stimulus current such that the injecting and monitoring functions are separated.

Abstract: A method for in situ monitoring of a membrane of a membrane separation system comprises measuring a complex impedance of the membrane at a plurality of frequencies to provide an indication of the electrical conduction and electrical polarization properties of the membrane. The membrane based separation system for removing or reducing the concentration of materials carried in a fluid including a separation membrane has a first pair of electrodes separated by the membrane and arranged for measurement of the complex impedance of the membrane at a plurality of frequencies to provide the indication of the membrane properties. There may also be a second pair of electrodes separated by the membrane for injecting the stimulus current such that the injecting and monitoring functions are separated.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided for measuring a complex transfer function of a system under test. The measurement system comprises a signal source for generating an input signal to be applied to the system under test, a signal detection device for detecting a response signal of the system under test in response to the input signal; and a signal analyzing system for determining the gain and phase shift of the system under test by comparing the response signal to the input signal. The signal analyzing system includes phase adjustment means to adjust a relative phase difference of the detected response signal and input signal; and curve fitting means to identify a phase difference adjustment of the phase adjustment means which gives the best fit of the response signal to the input signal. The phase measurement of the response signal is determined from the best fit phase difference adjustment.

Abstract: A measurement cell provides electrochemical characterization of a sample. The cell includes a container in which a sample is located, the container having walls and a base defining an interior region for containing a conductive media. A base electrode is located adjacent a base of the container, a counter electrode is spaced from the base electrode and a reference electrode is located between the base and counter electrodes. Samples that may be characterized include the conductive media, an element forming the base electrode or a surface of the base electrode, an element in contact with the conductive media, or any two or more of these. The reference electrode contacts the conductive media between the base electrode and the counter electrode such that electrical paths are is established through the sample between the base electrode and the counter electrode and between the base electrode and the reference electrode.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for altering the characteristics of a membrane comprising a dielectric material. The method comprises heating the membrane and applying an electric field in a direction out of the plane of the membrane to at least a portion of the dielectric material. At least a portion of the dielectric material becomes aligned with the applied electric field. In some embodiments, the membrane is piezoelectric and application of an electric signal to the membrane causes out of plane movement of the membrane. Also disclosed are membranes and systems and apparatuses comprising such membranes.

Abstract: A measurement cell provides electrochemical characterisation of a sample. The cell includes a container in which a sample is located, the container having walls and a base defining an interior region for containing a conductive media. A base electrode is located adjacent a base of the container, a counter electrode is spaced from the base electrode and a reference electrode is located between the base and counter electrodes. Samples that may be characterised include the conductive media, an element forming the base electrode or a surface of the base electrode, an element in contact with the conductive media, or any two or more of these. The reference electrode contacts the conductive media between the base electrode and the counter electrode such that electrical paths are is established through the sample between the base electrode and the counter electrode and between the base electrode and the reference electrode.

Abstract: A method for in situ monitoring of a membrane of a membrane separation system comprises measuring a complex impedance of the membrane at a plurality of frequencies to provide an indication of the electrical conduction and electrical polarization properties of the membrane. The membrane based separation system for removing or reducing the concentration of materials carried in a fluid including a separation membrane has a first pair of electrodes separated by the membrane and arranged for measurement of the complex impedance of the membrane at a plurality of frequencies to provide the indication of the membrane properties. There may also be a second pair of electrodes separated by the membrane for injecting the stimulus current such that the injecting and monitoring functions are separated.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided for measuring a complex transfer function of a system under test. The measurement system comprises a signal source for generating an input signal to be applied to the system under test, a signal detection device for detecting a response signal of the system under test in response to the input signal; and a signal analysing system for determining the gain and phase shift of the system under test by comparing the response signal to the input signal. The signal analysing system includes phase adjustment means to adjust a relative phase difference of the detected response signal and input signal; and curve fitting means to identify a phase difference adjustment of the phase adjustment means which gives the best fit of the response signal to the input signal. The phase measurement of the response signal is determined from the best fit phase difference adjustment.