Abstract: A bolt compression limiter includes a Belleville disc that applies a load to a flange of a bolt assembly and a component that applies a load to a limiter positioned within the flange, the limiter being shy of the top surface of the flange. The load applied to the flange is a first proportion and the load applied to the limiter is a second proportion of the total load applied when a bolt of the bolt assembly is tightened.

Abstract: A bolt compression limiter includes a Belleville disc that applies a load to a flange of a bolt assembly and a component that applies a load to a limiter positioned within the flange, the limiter being shy of the top surface of the flange. The load applied to the flange is a first proportion and the load applied to the limiter is a second proportion of the total load applied when a bolt of the bolt assembly is tightened.

Abstract: A PCV device for recirculation of crankcase air has a structural member with a tubular, substantially linear internal flow passage characterized by a length and diameter with a ratio of length to diameter that attenuates noise and acts as a restrictive orifice to at least partially control flow volume therethrough. A PCV system for an engine includes a structural member as described above placed in fluid communication with a passage member to partially form a flow path between an interior portion of an engine crankcase and an air intake portion of the engine. The flow path has an absence of any flow restriction with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the structural member.

Abstract: In converting an alkene such as ethylene to a carbonyl derivative such as acetaldehyde by a process which comprises passing the alkene through a tubular reactor along with an aqueous acidic catalyst solution comprising a noble metal such as palladium together with a cupric chloride redox agent, followed by separating the carbonyl product from the depleted catalyst solution which is then reoxidized with a source of molecular oxygen such as air prior to being returned to the reactor, continuous depletion of the chloride content of the catalyst solution takes place as a result of the formation of chlorinated reaction by-products. This necessitates replenishment of the chloride content of the catalyst solution by adding hydrochloric acid into a catalyst regeneration zone preceding the catalyst reoxidation step of the process.