Abstract: An electrosurgical generator apparatus controls a variable output signal to electrodes. The generator apparatus operates in a cut mode, a coagulation mode or a stimulate mode. The generator apparatus comprises a DC power supply that provides regulated low voltage and high voltage outputs and a radio frequency (RF) waveform generator circuit that provides pulse duration modulation (PDM) of a carrier signal. The carrier signal directly affects the variable output signal to the electrodes. A control circuit controls a variable output signal to electrodes used in electrosurgical procedures. The control circuit comprises a DC power supply circuit that provides regulated low voltage and high voltage outputs and an RF waveform generator circuit that provides pulse duration modulation of a carrier signal. The carrier signal directly affects the variable output signal to the electrodes.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator apparatus controls a variable output signal to electrodes. The generator apparatus operates in a cut mode, a coagulation mode or a stimulate mode. The generator apparatus comprises a DC power supply that provides regulated low voltage and high voltage outputs and a radio frequency (RF) waveform generator circuit that provides pulse duration modulation (PDM) of a carrier signal. The carrier signal directly affects the variable output signal to the electrodes. A control circuit controls a variable output signal to electrodes used in electrosurgical procedures. The control circuit comprises a DC power supply circuit that provides regulated low voltage and high voltage outputs and an RF waveform generator circuit that provides pulse duration modulation of a carrier signal. The carrier signal directly affects the variable output signal to the electrodes.

Abstract: An electrosurgical generator apparatus controls a variable output signal to electrodes. The generator apparatus operates in a cut mode, a coagulation mode or a stimulate mode. The generator apparatus comprises a DC power supply that provides regulated low voltage and high voltage outputs and a radio frequency (RF) waveform generator circuit that provides pulse duration modulation (PDM) of a carrier signal. The carrier signal directly affects the variable output signal to the electrodes. A control circuit controls a variable output signal to electrodes used in electrosurgical procedures. The control circuit comprises a DC power supply circuit that provides regulated low voltage and high voltage outputs and an RF waveform generator circuit that provides pulse duration modulation of a carrier signal. The carrier signal directly affects the variable output signal to the electrodes.

Abstract: An electrosurgical bipolar RF generator apparatus includes a bipolar electrode. An aperiodic sequence of uniform width bursts of a high frequency signal are electronically synthesized. Substantially identical decaying amplitude envelopes are impressed on the bursts of the high frequency signal. Each of the envelopes has a predetermined rate of change from a preselected initial amplitude. The impressed bursts of the high frequency signal are applied to the electrode. The electrical apparatus operates in a cut mode or a coagulation mode. The apparatus includes a power supply for providing a variable DC voltage, a short circuit detect circuit for detecting a short circuit at the bipolar electrode, and an open circuit detector for detecting an open circuit at the bipolar electrode.

Abstract: A bipolar cutter/coagulator produces a coagulating waveform comprising an aperiodic sequence of damped RF bursts. The inter-burst spacing is pseudo-random, and the intra-burst RF frequency is swept between preset limits. The burst envelopes are uniform, always starting at the same preselected amplitude.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hinged frictional lock adapted to support an assembly such as a lamp, optical system, or the like from a headband or harness. The hinged frictional lock comprises a pair of hinge members each having a plurality of hinge sections which are interleaved and pivotally joined by a pin member. A spring disposed on the pin member urges the hinge sections together to frictionally engage them. To adjust the hinge members, a force is applied to the assembly to overcome the frictional force between the hinge sections. Upon removal of the force, the hinge members remain in their newly adjusted position.

Abstract: Binocular magnification, and magnification and illumination apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus is lightweight and mounted on a head harness, and is especially suited for use by surgeons. In a disclosed embodiment, the apparatus combines Galilean-type binocular telemicroscopes and fiber optic illumination. A periscope-type reflection system provides axes of vision having a spacing less than the interocular distance. The axes of vision from the apparatus form a small angle within which the axis of illumination is projected. The apparatus provides stereoscopic vision and projects illumination through small openings or in or along passageways having an inside dimension of less than about 11/2 inches.

Abstract: A suspension arm and couplings are disclosed for supporting an operating room microscope. The suspension arm and couplings permit rotation of the microscope in the vertical plane up to angles of from about 140.degree. to about 160.degree. between the axis of vision of the microscope and the vertical. In the disclosed embodiment, the suspension arm is a one-piece C-shaped configuration provided with swivel joint couplings at each end thereof. One of the swivel joint couplings rotatably connects the C-shaped suspension arm to the remainder of a suspension system and the other swivel joint coupling suspends still another swivel joint coupling to which is connected the microscope. The swivel joint coupling connected to the microscope has a female part with a bore extending non-centrally therethrough for receiving the male part, a shaft, of a C-bracket which rotatably supports the microscope. The bore is disposed in the female part at an angle of from about 140.degree. to about 160.degree.