Abstract: A cartridge (20) has a cartridge case (22) extending along an axis (500) from a base (104) to a mouth (102) and having an interior. A projectile (24) is mounted in the case. A propellant (26) is contained within the case. The propellant has an annular grain encircling the axis.

Abstract: An optical sensor assembly, for installation on a current carrying cable, senses the current in the cable and provides an electrical output indicating the current. To sense the current, a magnetic concentrator is placed in close proximity to the cable and creates a magnetic field representing current in the cable. An optical current sensor, within the created magnetic field, exposes a beam of polarized light to the magnetic field. The beam of polarized light is rotated thereby, by Faraday effect, according to the current in the cable. The amount of rotation is analyzed and converted to electrical signals to portray the current in the cable. The electrical signals may be processed, evaluated and analyzed to provide one or more of several elements of quality of the current in the cable.

Abstract: An optical sensor assembly, for installation on a current carrying cable, senses the current in the cable and provides an electrical output indicating the current. To sense the current, a magnetic concentrator is placed in close proximity to the cable and creates a magnetic field representing current in the cable. An optical current sensor, within the created magnetic field, exposes a beam of polarized light to the magnetic field. The beam of polarized light is rotated thereby, by Faraday effect, according to the current in the cable. The amount of rotation is analyzed and converted to electrical signals to portray the current in the cable. The electrical signals may be processed, evaluated and analyzed to provide one or more of several elements of quality of the current in the cable.

Abstract: An optical sensor assembly, for installation on a current carrying cable, senses the current in the cable and provides an electrical output indicating the current. To sense the current, a magnetic concentrator is placed in close proximity to the cable and creates a magnetic field representing current in the cable. An optical current sensor, within the created magnetic field, exposes a beam of polarized light to the magnetic field. The beam of polarized light is rotated thereby, by Faraday effect, according to the current in the cable. The amount of rotation is analyzed and converted to electrical signals to portray the current in the cable. The electrical signals may be processed, evaluated and analyzed to provide one or more of several elements of quality of the current in the cable.

Abstract: This describes the novel use of a naturally occurring material known as volcanic rock, as a particulate and CO2 reduction system. The material is used within the combustion chamber of devices that utilize solid fuel for energy generation.

Abstract: A method of measuring a current of a current carrying cable teaches the first step of providing an optical sensor assembly comprising a base unit, and an optical current sensor mounted on the base unit for transmitting a beam of polarized electromagnetic radiation to an optical fiber. A light detector is also provided having a first channel that operably connecting the light detector to an analog to digital converter through a programmable gain amplifier, a second channel that operably connects the light detector directly to the analog to digital converter, and a processor operably connected to the analog to digital converter. The optical sensor assembly is mounted adjacent the current carrying cable, and the fiber optic is operably connected to a light detector. A plurality of factors are then evaluated from rotation information from the light detector, by using the first and second channels for analog to digital conversion operably connected with the processor.

Abstract: An optical sensor assembly, for installation on a current carrying cable, senses the current in the cable and provides an electrical output indicating the current. To sense the current, a magnetic concentrator is placed in close proximity to the cable and creates a magnetic field representing current in the cable. An optical current sensor, within the created magnetic field, exposes a beam of polarized light to the magnetic field. The beam of polarized light is rotated thereby, by Faraday effect, according to the current in the cable. The amount of rotation is analyzed and converted to electrical signals to portray the current in the cable. The electrical signals may be processed, evaluated and analyzed to provide one or more of several elements of quality of the current in the cable.

Abstract: An optical sensor assembly has a base unit, an optical current sensor, and a magnetic concentrator. The optical current sensor is mounted on the base unit and includes a polarized light input, a reflective prism, and a light output. The magnetic concentrator defines an airgap and is mounted on a concentrator housing such that the magnetic concentrator fits around the current carrying cable when the base unit is hung from the current carrying cable by hooks and when the concentrator housing is moved to a closed position. The reflective prism of the base unit is operably positioned in the airgap of the magnetic concentrator when the concentrator housing is in the closed position. The assembly further includes a voltage sensor operably positioned in the base unit for measuring the voltage of the current carrying cable.

Abstract: An optical sensor assembly has a base unit, an optical current sensor, and a magnetic concentrator. The optical current sensor is mounted on the base unit and includes a polarized light input, a reflective prism, and a light output. The magnetic concentrator defines an airgap and is mounted on a concentrator housing such that the magnetic concentrator fits around the current carrying cable when the base unit is hung from the current carrying cable by hooks and when the concentrator housing is moved to a closed position. The reflective prism of the base unit is operably positioned in the airgap of the magnetic concentrator when the concentrator housing is in the closed position. The assembly further includes a voltage sensor operably positioned in the base unit for measuring the voltage of the current carrying cable.

Abstract: A method of measuring a current of a current carrying cable teaches the first step of providing an optical sensor assembly comprising a base unit, and an optical current sensor mounted on the base unit for transmitting a beam of polarized electromagnetic radiation to an optical fiber. A light detector is also provided having a first channel that operably connecting the light detector to an analog to digital converter through a programmable gain amplifier, a second channel that operably connects the light detector directly to the analog to digital converter, and a processor operably connected to the analog to digital converter. The optical sensor assembly is mounted adjacent the current carrying cable, and the fiber optic is operably connected to a light detector. A plurality of factors are then evaluated from rotation information from the light detector, by using the first and second channels for analog to digital conversion operably connected with the processor.

Abstract: An economical and environmentally responsible method of desalination and delivery of freshwater, concentrate, and electrical power to a site removed from the saline water source. Freshwater, concentrate, and power can be delivered by pipeline to multiple locations along the route and/or at the endpoint, thus distributing the beneficial aspects while minimizing the environmental impact of desalination facilities.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating or preventing diarrhea are disclosed. The methods comprise administering to an individual a therapeutically effective amount of an LPA2 receptor agonist for treating or preventing diarrhea. Also disclosed is a method of inhibiting CFTR activation by administering at least one LPA2 receptor agonist in an amount effective to inhibit formation of a macromolecular complex between the LPA2 receptor, CFTR, and a Na+/H+ exchange regulatory factor-2 (NHERF-2).

Abstract: A probe apparatus disclosed for use in a separable connector includes an insulating body and spaced apart first and second electrical conductors in contact with the insulating body. The first and second electrical conductors have adjacent surfaces configured such that when an electrical potential is applied between the conductors, an electric field is formed between the conductors. The insulating body has an opening positioned between the conductors and adapted to receive a sensor such that a portion of the sensor is subjected to the electric field. A separable electrical connector system is described including the probe apparatus, as is a voltage sensing system including the probe apparatus and a voltage sensor positioned within the opening of the insulating body.

Abstract: A probe apparatus disclosed for use in a separable connector includes an insulating body and spaced apart first and second electrical conductors in contact with the insulating body. The first and second electrical conductors have adjacent surfaces configured such that when an electrical potential is applied between the conductors, an electric field is formed between the conductors. The insulating body has an opening positioned between the conductors and adapted to receive a sensor such that a portion of the sensor is subjected to the electric field. A separable electrical connector system is described including the probe apparatus, as is a voltage sensing system including the probe apparatus and a voltage sensor positioned within the opening of the insulating body.

Abstract: A separation process is described for separation of a nutrient from divalent ions of an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution is contacted with an ion exchange resin that includes monovalent ions until the concentration of divalent ions in the aqueous solution has been depleted and an eluate is collected. The eluate is then subjected to a process, preferably a nanofiltration membrane process, capable of separating monovalent ions to obtain a permeate fraction including monovalent ions and a retentate fraction including the nutrient. The retentate fraction is then separated into fractions with at least one fraction including a major portion of the nutrient. The ion exchange resin is then regenerated by contacting it with a solution including the permeate fraction until a major portion of the divalent ions have been replaced by monovalent ions.

Abstract: A micro-positioning system for accurately positioning an optical element relative to an optical device such as a laser diode, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL), Resonant Cavity Photo Detector (RCPD), or some other type of optical device. The micro-positioning system is adapted to move the optical element independently in both the X and Y directions. The optical element preferably has at least two regions where the optical characteristics are different. In operation, the optical element is selectively moved so that a light beam intersects a selected region of the optical element. Because the optical characteristics of the optical element are different in different regions, the optical element produces a different optical result as the light beam is moved between regions.

Abstract: A high voltage insulator for use with optical fibers includes an insulative support rod with at least one optical fiber wrapped about the support rod. The optical fiber and support rod are covered by an outer elastomeric skirted insulative sleeve which squeezes the optical fibers against the support rod. A dielectric sealant, such as a silicone gel, is dispersed along the optical fiber to fill any voids which occur adjacent the optical fiber, thereby providing a void-free bond between the interior surfaces of the insulator. The elastomeric outer sleeve provides a resilient barrier against the ingress of moisture. In a preferred embodiment, an inner layer of elastomeric material is provided between the support rod and the optical fiber to provide additional cushioning of the fiber and to reduce the size of voids which may occur adjacent the fiber.

Abstract: A fiber optic subassembly for a Faraday-effect current sensor has an optical sensing fiber supported by a tubular holder in a square or rectangular configuration, with the three of the four corners thereof designed with bends which have a net zero bend-induced birefringence. The bends are formed by providing two loops which have effective angles of about 90.degree., the two loops lying in orthogonal planes, such that the fast axis of birefringence in the first loop is parallel to the slow axis of birefringence in the second loop, and the slow axis of birefringence in the first loop is parallel to the fast axis of birefringence in the second loop. In this manner, retardance accumulated in the first loop is offset by retardance accumulated in the second loop. If the loops are substantially identical, the offsetting of the retardance is effectively complete such that the bend exhibits negligible bend-induced birefringence.

Abstract: A single point attachment for a unitary tail pipe plug and convoluted lobe mixer supports the assembly in the tail pipe of a turbofan engine.

Abstract: A means for relieving dielectric stress at a termination of a shielded and insulated high voltage cable. A smooth geometry high permittivity homogeneous material tube coaxially contacts both the ground electrode and the high voltage electrode. The tube consists of an elastomeric material having a permittivity in a range of from 10 to 25. The elastomeric material is non-rigid, thereby enabling the tube to be more readily fitted firmly around the cable and into the housing of the stress relief means. The ground electrode is the outer portion of the housing and diverges from the opening of the housing at the vicinity thereof in a direction toward the high voltage electrode. This dielectric stress relief means provides a satisfactory electric field gradient in applications wherein the rating is in a range from 15 kilovolts to 35 kilovolts.